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. 2024 May 28:12:1397634.
doi: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1397634. eCollection 2024.

Seasonal influence on the essential oil chemical composition of Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth.: a valuable plant from Marajó, Brazil

Maria Nancy Norat de Lima  1   2 , Paulo Vinicius Lima Santos  2   3 , Lucas Botelho Jerônimo  2   4 , Rian Martins Viana  2 , Joyce Kelly da Silva  1 , William N Setzer  5 , José Guilherme S Maia  1   3 , Pablo Luis B Figueiredo  2   3
Affiliations

Seasonal influence on the essential oil chemical composition of Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth.: a valuable plant from Marajó, Brazil

Maria Nancy Norat de Lima et al. Front Chem. .

Abstract

Introduction: Essential oils (EOs) from the Hyptis genus have been reported as bactericides and fungicides. However, the properties of these oils can be affected by climatic factors, as well as the collection period, which promotes changes in the chemical composition of the oil. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the climatological influences on the chemical composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Hyptis crenata. Methods: The leaves were collected in Marajó island (Brazil) monthly for a year. The EOs were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between climatic parameters, content, and chemical composition of essential oil; multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the interrelationship between samples and their chemical constituents. Results and Discussion: The constituents with the highest contents (>2.0%) in essential oils during the studied period were 1,8-cineole (28.48% ± 4.32%), α-pinene (19.58% ± 2.29%), camphor (11.98% ± 2.54%), β-pinene (9.19% ± 1.47%), limonene (6.12% ± 3.15%), α-terpineol (2.42% ± 0.25%) and borneol (2.34% ± 0.48%). β-Pinene significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with precipitation and humidity. According to the chemometric tools, two groups were formed: chemical profile I, marked by 1,8 cineole, α-pinene, β-pinene, borneol, α-terpineol, and limonene, while group II (July) presented a chemical type characterized by camphor. It is understood that the species in question can be a reliable source of biologically active components during different climatic periods in the Amazon. The chemical variability could have significant implications for the pharmaceutical industry and traditional medicine.

Keywords: medicinal plant; monoterpenes; salva-do-Marajó; seasonality; volatiles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth aerial parts.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Relationship between climatic parameters and Hyptis crenata essential oil yield.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Relationship between seasons and oil production of Hyptis crenata during the seasonal study.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Chemical structures of the main compounds identified in Hyptis crenata essential oils leaves during the year.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Correlations of Hyptis crenata essential oils and climatic parameters monitored during the seasonal study.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Hierarchical cluster analysis of Hyptis crenata essential oils.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Principal components analysis of Hyptis crenata essential oil during the seasonal study.
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