Access to assisted reproductive technologies in sub-Saharan Africa: fertility professionals' views
- PMID: 38864373
- PMCID: PMC11172248
- DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2024.2355790
Access to assisted reproductive technologies in sub-Saharan Africa: fertility professionals' views
Abstract
Across sub-Saharan Africa, there remains disagreement among local expert providers over the best ways to improve access to assisted reproduction in low-income contexts. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted between 2021 and 2023 with 19 fertility specialists and 11 embryologists and one clinic manager from South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Kenya, Ethiopia and Uganda to explore issues surrounding access and potential low-cost IVF options. Lack of access to ART was variously conceptualised as a problem of high cost of treatment; lack of public funding for medical services and medication; poor policy awareness and prioritisation of fertility problems; a shortage of ART clinics and well-trained expert staff; the need for patients to travel long distances; and over-servicing within the largely privatised sector. All fertility specialists agreed that government funding for public sector assisted reproduction services was necessary to address access in the region. Other suggestions included: reduced medication costs by using mild stimulation protocols and oocyte retrievals under sedation instead of general anaesthetics. Insufficient data on low-cost interventions was cited as a barrier to their implementation. The lack of skilled embryologists on the continent was considered a major limitation to expanding ART services and the success of low-cost IVF systems. Very few specialists suggested that profits of pharmaceutical companies or ART clinics might be reduced to lessen the costs of treatments.
En Afrique subsaharienne, des désaccords subsistent entre les prestataires experts locaux sur les meilleurs moyens d’élargir l’accès à la procréation assistée dans les contextes à faible revenu. Des entretiens qualitatifs semi-structurés ont été menés entre 2019 et 2021 avec 19 spécialistes de la fécondité et 11 embryologistes ainsi qu’un gestionnaire de centre de santé d’Afrique du Sud, d’Éthiopie, du Kenya, de Namibie, d’Ouganda et du Zimbabwe, pour étudier les problèmes liés à l’accès et aux options potentielles de FIV à faible coût. Le manque d’accès à l’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP) a été diversement conceptualisé comme un problème de coût élevé du traitement; le manque de financement public pour les services médicaux et les médicaments; une sensibilisation politique insuffisante et une faible priorisation des problèmes de fécondité; une pénurie de centres d’AMP et de personnel expert bien formé; la nécessité pour les patients de parcourir de longues distances; et l’excès de services au sein d’un secteur largement privatisé. Tous les spécialistes de la fécondité conviennent qu’un financement étatique était nécessaire pour les services de procréation assistée du secteur public afin d’élargir l’accès dans la région. D’autres suggestions comprenaient: une réduction des coûts des médicaments en utilisant des protocoles de stimulation légère et des prélèvements d’ovocytes sous sédation plutôt que sous anesthésie générale. L’insuffisance des données sur les interventions à faible coût a été citée comme un obstacle à leur mise en œuvre. Le manque d’embryologistes qualifiés sur le continent était considéré comme un obstacle majeur à l’expansion des services d’AMP et au succès de systèmes de FIV à faible coût. Quelques rares spécialistes ont suggéré que les bénéfices des compagnies pharmaceutiques ou des centres d’AMP pourraient être réduits pour faire baisser le coût des traitements.
En toda la región de África subsahariana, continúan los desacuerdos entre prestadores de servicios expertos locales sobre las mejores maneras de mejorar el acceso a la reproducción asistida en contextos de bajos ingresos. Se realizaron entrevistas cualitativas semiestructuradas entre 2019 y 2021 con 19 especialistas en fertilidad, 11 embriólogos y un administrador de una clínica, provenientes de Sudáfrica, Zimbabue, Namibia, Kenia, Etiopía y Uganda, con el fin de explorar los asuntos en torno al acceso y posibles opciones de FIV a bajo costo. La falta de acceso a TRA se conceptualizó de diversas maneras como un problema de alto costo del tratamiento; falta de financiamiento público de los servicios médicos y medicamentos; poca conciencia de la política y baja priorización de los problemas de fertilidad; escasez de clínicas de TRA y de personal experto bien capacitado; la necesidad de las pacientes de viajar largas distancias; y prestación de servicios en exceso en el sector en gran parte privatizado. Todos los especialistas en fertilidad coincidieron en que el financiamiento gubernamental de los servicios de reproducción asistida en el sector público era necesario para abordar el acceso en la región. Otras sugerencias fueron: reducir los costos de medicamentos utilizando protocolos de estimulación leve y recuperación de ovocitos bajo sedación en vez de anestésicos generales. Como barrera a su aplicación, se citó la insuficiencia de datos sobre intervenciones de bajo costo. La falta de embriólogos calificados en el continente fue considerada como una limitación importante para ampliar los servicios de TRA y para el éxito de los sistemas de FIV de bajo costo. Muy pocos especialistas sugirieron reducir las ganancias de las empresas farmacéuticas o las clínicas de TRA para disminuir los costos de los tratamientos.
Keywords: access; affordability; assisted reproductive technologies; low-cost IVF.
Plain language summary
This is a qualitative study involving interviews conducted between 2021 and 2023 with 19 fertility specialists and 11 embryologists and one clinic manager from South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Kenya, Ethiopia and Uganda to explore issues surrounding access and potential low-cost IVF options. The study found that across sub-Saharan Africa, clinical providers disagree over the best ways to provide assisted reproduction to improve access and affordability while maintaining high standards of care in low-income contexts. The lack of political, human resource and professional support to succeed in sub-Saharan Africa inhibits the implementation of low-cost initiatives to improve access and affordability. The study affirms the importance of giving more attention to infertility care in sub-Saharan Africa and increasing access and affordability of ARTs in the public health sector; the further development of national policies and professional guidelines; the need for more studies to evaluate low-cost initiatives; clarification of existing controversies about these initiatives; and the need for more training for embryologists in SSA.
Conflict of interest statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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