Influence of the mechanism of transmission of the infective agent on the aetiological structure of leptospiral foci

Abstract

It has been demonstrated that the differences observed in the aetiological structure of the individual foci of leptospirosis can be explained not only by the affinity of leptospiral serogroups to certain animal species, but also by different mechanisms of transmission of the causative agent of leptospiral infection which can be transferred both by sexual and alimentary routes (in water). It has been demonstrated that mostly one serotype of leptospires predominates in natural foci of leptospirosis, but several in anthropurgic ones. In the author's opinion, leptospiral infection in natural foci is mainly spread by the sexual route through the background species of animals--carriers of leptospirosis, and by the alimentary route in the anthropurgic foci. It is presumed that leptospires of the serogroups Javanica, Australis, Icterohaemorrhagiae, transmitted by the shrew-mice, hedgehogs and rats by the sexual route, are by their origin "ancient" serogroups of leptospires while the serogroups of leptospires isolated from domestic animals, showing predominantly the alimentary route of transmission of infection in the focus, are representatives of the "younger" forms of the evolutional development of leptospires.