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Review
. 2024 Jul;24(7):347-360.
doi: 10.1007/s11882-024-01150-0. Epub 2024 Jun 13.

Allergic Conjunctivitis Management: Update on Ophthalmic Solutions

Andrea Leonardi  1 , Luigi Quintieri  2 , Ignacio Jáuregui Presa  3 , Jesús Merayo LLoves  4 , Jesús Montero  5   6 , José Manuel Benítez-Del-Castillo  7 , Francisco Javier Seoane Lestón  8 , Eloína González-Mancebo  9 , Riccardo Asero  10 , Anna Groblewska  11 , Piotr Kuna  12
Affiliations
Review

Allergic Conjunctivitis Management: Update on Ophthalmic Solutions

Andrea Leonardi et al. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2024 Jul.

Abstract

Purpose of review: The aim of this review, is to present an updated revision of topical management of SAC and PAC, based on the available scientific evidence and focused on the impact of ophthalmic solution formulations on eye surface.

Recent findings: Physicians treating ocular allergy should be aware of tear film and tear film disruption in SAC and PAC, and how eye drop composition and additives affect the physiology of the allergic eye. Seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (SAC and PAC) are the most frequent causes of ocular allergy (OA), and both conditions are underdiagnosed and undertreated. SAC and PAC are immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. The additional tear film disruption caused by the release of inflammatory mediators increases and exacerbates the impact of signs and symptoms and may trigger damage of the ocular surface. Comorbidities are frequent, and dry eye disease in particular must be considered. Clinical guidelines for the management of SAC and PAC recommend topical therapy with antihistamines, mast cells stabilizers or dualaction agents as first-line treatment, but care should be taken, as many medications contain other compounds that may contribute to ocular surface damage.

Keywords: Allergic Conjunctivitis; Antihistamines; Benzalkonium Chloride (BAK); Hyaluronic acid (HA); Preservatives; Topical Treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

AL: has received fees as a speaker, writing, scientific advisor from FAES Farma, Santen, Fidia and Thea. LQ declares that he has no conflict of interest. IJP has received fees as a speaker, medical writer, lecturer and/or scientific advisor from FAES Farma, Sanofi, Novartis, GSK, Abbvie, and Organon; support for attending meetings from FAES Farma, Sanofi, Novartis, and GSK; and as a member of data monitoring committees from Roxall. JMBdC has received fees as a speaker, writing, scientific advisor from Alcon, Faes, Fidia, Santen, Sifi, Thea. FJSL has received fees as a speaker, writing, scientific advisor from Gebro Pharma, Chiesi and FAES Farma. RA has received fees as a speaker, writing, scientific advisor, manuscript writing or educational event and support for attending meetings from Allergy Therapeutics, Glaxo Smith Kline, HAL Allergy, Lofarma, Malesci, Novartis, Sanofi, Smart Practice and Thermo Fisher. JM has received support for attending meetings from Thea Lab, Brill Lab, and Santen. JMLL declares that he has no conflict of interest. EGM declares that she has no conflict of interest. RA has been a speaker, writer or scientific advisor for Novartis, GSK, Sanofi Genzyme, ThermoFisher, Lofarma, Smart Practice, HAL Allergy, Allergy Therapeutics, ALK. AG has received fees as a speaker, writing, scientific advisor, manuscript writing or educational event and support for attending meetings for Adamed, Alcon, Bausch, FAES Farma Menarini, Mediton, Novartis, Polpharma, Polfa Warszawa and Sanofi. PK has received fees for speaking, writing, scientific consultancy, manuscript writing and participation in educational events, and support for attending meetings for Adamed, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Celon Pharma, Chiesi, Berlin Chemie Menarini, Novartis, Sanofi, Teva , Polpharma, Glenmark.

AL: has received fees as a speaker, writing, scientific advisor from FAES Farma, Santen, Fidia and TheaLQ declares that he has no conflict of interest.IJP has received fees as a speaker, medical writer, lecturer and/or scientific advisor from FAES Farma, Sanofi, Novartis, GSK, Abbvie, and Organon; support for attending meetings from FAES Farma, Sanofi, Novartis, and GSK; and as a member of data monitoring committees from Roxall. JMBdC has received fees as a speaker, writing, scientific advisor from Alcon, Faes, Fidia, Santen, Sifi, Thea.FJSL has received fees as a speaker, writing, scientific advisor from Gebro Pharma, Chiesi and FAES Farma.RA has received fees as a speaker, writing, scientific advisor, manuscript writing or educational event and support for attending meetings from Allergy Therapeutics, Glaxo Smith Kline, HAL Allergy, Lofarma, Malesci, Novartis, Sanofi, Smart Practice and Thermo Fisher.JM has received support for attending meetings from Thea Lab, Brill Lab, and Santen.JMLL declares that he has no conflict of interest.EGM declares that she has no conflict of interestRA has been a speaker, writer or scientific advisor for Novartis, GSK, Sanofi Genzyme, ThermoFisher, Lofarma, Smart Practice, HAL Allergy, Allergy Therapeutics, ALKAG has received fees as a speaker, writing, scientific advisor, manuscript writing or educational event and support for attending meetings for Adamed, Alcon, Bausch, FAES Farma Menarini, Mediton, Novartis, Polpharma, Polfa Warszawa and Sanofi.PK has received fees for speaking, writing, scientific consultancy, manuscript writing and participation in educational events, and support for attending meetings for Adamed, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Celon Pharma, Chiesi, Berlin Chemie Menarini, Novartis, Sanofi, Teva , Polpharma, Glenmark.

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