Navigating Coronary Artery Disease in Aviation Cardiology in Australia and New Zealand

Abstract

Background: Cardiologists will commonly assess patients who hold an aviation medical certificate and require unique assessments and communications with national civil aviation authorities (in Australia, the Civil Aviation Safety Authority [CASA] and in New Zealand, the Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand [CAA NZ]). Cardiac conditions are the most common reason for disqualification from holding an aviation licence, and coronary artery disease is considered a high-risk condition for pilot incapacitation.

Aim: To provide a contemporary update on the aeromedical approach to the evaluation, detection, and management of coronary artery disease in an Australasian context.

Methods: A narrative view of current and historical practice in the area of aeromedical evaluation of coronary disease was undertaken.

Results: This review highlights the aeromedical approach to risk stratification and specific challenges of the aviation environment for patients with coronary artery disease. Scenarios of coronary artery disease screening, common and rare acute coronary syndromes, and the assessment of established coronary artery disease are examined in detail. Suggestions to facilitate communications between specialists and CASA or CAA NZ to facilitate patient re-certification are also provided.

Conclusion: Patients who are pilots have unique requirements in terms of their coronary assessment, management, and follow-up to maintain eligibility to fly. It is important for cardiologists to be aware of relevant occupational requirements to provide optimal care to their patients.

Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Aviation; Cardiology; Coronary artery disease; Occupational medicine.