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Review
. 2024 May 30:15:1396894.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1396894. eCollection 2024.

Research progress of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus S protein

Haojian Luo #  1 , Zhaoping Liang #  2 , Junjie Lin  1 , Yiqiao Wang  1 , Yingying Liu  1 , Kun Mei  1 , Mengmeng Zhao  1 , Shujian Huang  1   3
Affiliations
Review

Research progress of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus S protein

Haojian Luo et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a single-stranded RNA virus with a capsid membrane that causes acute infectious gastrointestinal disease characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration in swine. Piglets are more susceptible to PEDV than adults, with an infection rate reaching 90% and a fatality rate as high as 100%. Moreover, PEDV has a rapid transmission rate and broad transmission range. Consequently, PEDV has caused considerable economic losses and negatively impacted the sustainability of the pig industry. The surface spike (S) glycoprotein is the largest structural protein in PEDV virions and is closely associated with host cell fusion and virus invasion. As such, the S protein is an important target for vaccine development. In this article, we review the genetic variation, immunity, apoptosis-induction function, virulence, vaccine potential, and other aspects of the PEDV S protein. This review provides a theoretical foundation for preventing and controlling PEDV infection and serves as a valuable resource for further research and development of PEDV vaccines.

Keywords: S protein; genetic variation; porcine aminopeptidase N; porcine epidemic diarrhea; trypsin.

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Conflict of interest statement

SH was employed by the Guangdong Hua Sheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Gene structure of PEDV spike (S) protein. SP, signal peptide; NTD, N-terminal domain; CTD, C-terminal domain; RBD, receptor binding domain; COE, CO-26 K equivalent; FP, Fusion peptide; HR1, heptapeptide-repeat region 1; HR2, heptapeptide-repeat region 2; TM, transmembrane domain; CT, cytoplasmic tail; S1P1, S1P2, S1P3, S1 subunit linear antigen epitope.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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