Electronic nose based analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds spectrum reveals asthmatic shifts and consistency in controls post-exercise and spirometry

Abstract

Analyzing exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with an electronic nose (e-nose) is emerging in medical diagnostics as a non-invasive, quick, and sensitive method for disease detection and monitoring. This study investigates if activities like spirometry or physical exercise affect exhaled VOCs measurements in asthmatics and healthy individuals, a crucial step for e-nose technology's validation for clinical use. The study analyzed exhaled VOCs using an e-nose in 27 healthy individuals and 27 patients with stable asthma, before and after performing spirometry and climbing five flights of stairs. Breath samples were collected using a validated technique and analyzed with a Cyranose 320 e-nose. In healthy controls, the exhaled VOCs spectrum remained unchanged after both lung function test and exercise. In asthmatics, principal component analysis and subsequent discriminant analysis revealed significant differences post-spirometry (vs. baseline 66.7% cross validated accuracy [CVA],p< 0.05) and exercise (vs. baseline 70.4% CVA,p< 0.05). E-nose measurements in healthy individuals are consistent, unaffected by spirometry or physical exercise. However, in asthma patients, significant changes in exhaled VOCs were detected post-activities, indicating airway responses likely due to constriction or inflammation, underscoring the e-nose's potential for respiratory condition diagnosis and monitoring.

Keywords: asthma; biomarkers; breath test; exhaled breath; volatile organic compounds.