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Review
. 2024 Sep;38(3):475-485.
doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2024.04.004. Epub 2024 Jun 13.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine: Promise and Challenges

Daniel S Graciaa  1 , Stephen R Walsh  2 , Nadine Rouphael  3
Affiliations
Review

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Vaccine: Promise and Challenges

Daniel S Graciaa et al. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2024 Sep.

Abstract

Development of a safe and effective human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine is a persistent challenge despite decades of research. Previous strategies utilizing protein subunit and viral vector vaccines were safe but not protective. Current strategies seek to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies, with multiple early phase trials in progress seeking to achieve this through sequential vaccination, mRNA, or updated viral-vectored vaccines. A safe and effective vaccine is critical to ending the HIV epidemic.

Keywords: Broadly neutralizing antibodies; HIV vaccine; Prevention; mRNA.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure This work was supported by National Institutes of Health, United States (NIH)/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) grants UM1AI069412 (S.R. Walsh) and UM1AI148576 (N. Rouphael) and by Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium through NIH/NIAID under award number UM1AI148684 (D.S. Graciaa). S.R. Walsh has received institutional funding from NIH/NIAID; and institutional grants or contracts from Sanofi Pasteur, Janssen Vaccines/Johnson & Johnson, Moderna Tx, Pfizer, Vir Biotechnology, and Worcester HIV Vaccine; has participated on data safety monitoring or advisory boards for Janssen Vaccines/Johnson & Johnson and BioNTech; and his spouse holds stock/stock options in Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. N. Rouphael serves as safety consultant for ICON, CyanVac and EMMES. She serves or has served on the advisory boards for Sanofi, Seqirus, Pfizer and Moderna. Emory receives funds for N. Rouphael to conduct research from Sanofi, Lilly, Merck, Quidel, Immorna, Vaccine Company and Pfizer.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Overview of sequential vaccination strategy to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb) against HIV-1. Multiple strategies are used to design immunogens to guide this process including computationally inferring an undifferentiated common ancestor (UCA) and intermediates on the pathway to bnAbs. Immunogens designed to bind to UCA are given as a priming vaccination to activate precursor B cells. Distinct subsequent boost immunogens are designed to select for increasing affinity for the target region on HIV-1 in steps known as “shaping” and “polishing” to guide the maturation of bnAb. Source: Figure created with BioRender.com.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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MeSH terms