[Role of enzymatic DNA methylation in cell differentiation and carcinogenesis]

Abstract

The enzymatic methylation of specific cytosine residues in DNA plays a part in controlling gene expression. Low methylation levels may be a necessary condition for gene expression. The chemical carcinogens exert their effect on the enzymatic methylation of mammalian DNA and can cause hypomethylation. Demethylated sites do not become remethylated in the subsequent cell cycles. The consequence of DNA hypomethylation may be both stimulation of cell differentiation and initiation of carcinogenesis.