Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Jun;10(3):e907.
doi: 10.1002/cre2.907.

The assessment of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and oxidized glutathione in patients with periodontitis-A systematic review and meta-analysis

Khadijah Mohideen  1 , Chandrasekaran Krithika  2 , T Jeyanthikumari  3 , N V Vani  4 , Safal Dhungel  5 , Snehashish Ghosh  6
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

The assessment of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and oxidized glutathione in patients with periodontitis-A systematic review and meta-analysis

Khadijah Mohideen et al. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2024 Jun.

Abstract

Objective: The present systematic review explored the involvement of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in periodontitis, drawing from established literature.

Materials and methods: The research approach encompassed an extensive electronic search from 2000 to 2023 across databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library and cross-referencing using specific keywords.

Results: The initial literature exploration generated a total of 766 articles. After thoroughly examining the abstracts, 693 articles were excluded from consideration due to duplication and lack of relevance to the central research inquiry. Following that, 73 articles were left for in-depth evaluation. Following a qualitative assessment, 35 studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were chosen, while 38 were removed for not meeting the necessary standards. Within this selection, a meta-analysis was conducted on 11 articles that provided consistent data for quantitative synthesis. Specifically, the analysis of glutathione (GSH) levels in serum samples revealed a standardized mean difference (SMD) of -5.552 µg/mL (CI 95%: -9.078 to -2.026; P-0.002). In contrast, the analysis of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples displayed an overall SMD of 2.918 ng/µL (CI 95%: 0.372-5.465; P-0.025), while salivary samples exhibited an overall SMD value of 0.709 U/l (95% CI: -1.907-3.325; P-0.596) which is of insignificant.

Conclusion: The systematic review findings suggest a notable decrease in antioxidant enzymes across various systemic biological samples among patients with periodontitis, contrasting with the results from gingival tissue samples meta-analysis of GPx enzyme.

Keywords: antioxidants; glutathione peroxidase; glutathione reductase; periodontitis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart for the process of selection of the studies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The Forest plot displays standardized mean difference (SMD) values with a confidence interval of 95%, representing the differences in serum glutathione (GSH) levels between patients with periodontitis and the healthy group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The Forest plot displays standardized mean difference (SMD) values with a confidence interval of 95%, representing the differences in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels between patients with periodontitis and the healthy group.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The Forest plot displays standardized mean difference (SMD) values with a confidence interval of 95%, representing the differences in saliva glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels between patients with periodontitis and the healthy group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Almerich‐Silla, J. M. , Montiel‐Company, J. M. , Pastor, S. , Serrano, F. , Puig‐Silla, M. , & Dasí, F. (2015). Oxidative stress parameters in saliva and its association with periodontal disease and types of bacteria. Disease Markers, 2015, 653537. 10.1155/2015/653537 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Arana, C. , Moreno‐Fernández, A. M. , Gómez‐Moreno, G. , Morales‐Portillo, C. , Serrano‐Olmedo, I. , de la Cuesta Mayor, M. C. , & Martín Hernández, T. (2017). Increased salivary oxidative stress parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes: Relation with periodontal disease. Endocrinologia, diabetes y nutricion, 64(5), 258–264. 10.1016/j.endinu.2017.03.005 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Armitage, G. C. (1999). Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Annals of Periodontology, 4(1), 1–6. 10.1902/annals.1999.4.1.1 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Armitage, G. C. (2004). Periodontal diagnoses and classification of periodontal diseases. Periodontology 2000, 34, 9–21. 10.1046/j.0906-6713.2002.003421.x - DOI - PubMed
    1. Arunachalam, R. , Rajeev, V. , Kumaresan, R. , & Kurra, S. B. (2019). Clinical and biochemical valuation of enzymatic and non‐enzymatic stress markers following full‐mouth disinfection in aggressive periodontitis. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 20(8), 952–956. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31797853/ - PubMed

MeSH terms