Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Jun 3:16:1393887.
doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1393887. eCollection 2024.

Motor dysfunction in Parkinson's patients: depression differences in a latent growth model

QiuShuang Wang  1 , Jing Bian  2 , Yi Sun  1 , YaoZhou Shi  3 , ZiXuan Zhao #  4 , HuaShuo Zhao #  1
Affiliations

Motor dysfunction in Parkinson's patients: depression differences in a latent growth model

QiuShuang Wang et al. Front Aging Neurosci. .

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to utilize latent growth model (LGM) to explore the developmental trajectory of motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and investigate the relationship between depression and motor dysfunction.

Methods: Four-year follow-up data from 389 PD patients were collected through the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI). Firstly, a univariate LGM was employed to examine the developmental trajectory of motor dysfunction in PD patients. Subsequently, depression levels were introduced as covariates into the model, and depression was further treated as a parallel growth latent variable to study the longitudinal relationship between motor dysfunction and depression.

Results: In the trajectory analysis of motor dysfunction, the fit indices for the quadratic growth LGM model were χ2 = 7.419, df = 6, CFI = 0.998, TLI = 0.997, SRMR = 0.019, and RMSEA = 0.025, indicating that the growth trend of motor dysfunction follows a quadratic curve rather than a simple linear pattern. Introducing depression symptoms as time-varying covariates to explore their effect on motor dysfunction revealed significant positive correlations (β = 0.383, p = 0.026; β = 0.675, p < 0.001; β = 0.385, p = 0.019; β = 0.415, p = 0.014; β = 0.614, p = 0.003), suggesting that as depression levels increase, motor dysfunction scores also increase. Treating depression as a parallel developmental process in the LGM, the regression coefficients for depression intercept on motor dysfunction intercept, depression slope on motor dysfunction slope, and depression quadratic factor on motor dysfunction quadratic factor were 0.448 (p = 0.046), 1.316 (p = 0.003), and 1.496 (p = 0.038), respectively. These significant regression coefficients indicate a complex relationship between depression and motor dysfunction, involving not only initial level associations but also growth trends over time and possible quadratic effects.

Conclusion: This study indicates a quadratic growth trajectory for motor dysfunction in PD, suggesting a continuous increase in severity with a gradual deceleration in growth rate. The relationship between depression and motor dysfunction is complex, involving initial associations, evolving trends over time, and potential quadratic effects. Exacerbation of depressive symptoms may coincide with motor function deterioration.

Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; depression; latent growth model; longitudinal study; motor dysfunction.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Sample selection.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Unconditional quadratic LGM.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Quadratic LGM with time-varying covariates.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Parallel LGM of depression and motor dysfunction.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Almeida J. R., Akkal D., Hassel S., Travis M. J., Banihashemi L., Kerr N., et al. (2009). Reduced gray matter volume in ventral prefrontal cortex but not amygdala in bipolar disorder: Significant effects of gender and trait anxiety. Psychiatry Res. 171 54–68. 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.02.001 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bugalho P., Viana-Baptista M. (2013). REM sleep behavior disorder and motor dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease–a longitudinal study. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 19 1084–1087. 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.07.017 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cheng F. Y., Yang Y. R., Chen L. M., Wu Y. R., Cheng S. J., Wang R. Y. (2016). Positive effects of specific exercise and novel turning-based treadmill training on turning performance in individuals with Parkinson’s disease: A randomized controlled trial. Sci. Rep. 6:33242. 10.1038/srep33242 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cubo E., Bernard B., Leurgans S., Raman R. (2000). Cognitive and motor function in patients with Parkinson’s disease with and without depression. Clin. Neuropharmacol. 23 331–334. 10.1097/00002826-200011000-00006 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Curran P. J., Obeidat K., Losardo D. (2010). Twelve frequently asked questions about growth curve modeling. J. Cogn. Dev. 11 121–136. 10.1080/15248371003699969 - DOI - PMC - PubMed