Barriers to Participation in a Structured Quality Improvement Initiative to Reduce Avoidable Emergency Department Visits-A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Introduction: Barriers to quality improvement (QI) initiatives in multi-institutional hospital settings are understudied. Here we describe a qualitative investigation of factors negatively affecting a QI initiative focused on reducing avoidable emergency department (ED) visits after bariatric surgery across 17 hospitals. Our goal was to explore participant perspectives and identify themes describing why the program was not effectively implemented or why the program may have been ineffective when correctly implemented.

Methods: We performed semistructured group interviews with 17 sites (42 interviews) participating in a statewide bariatric QI program. We used descriptive content analysis to identify challenges, facilitators, and barriers to implementation of the QI program. All analyses were conducted using MAXQDA software.

Results: Results revealed barriers across hospitals related to four themes: buy-in, provider accessibility, resources at participating hospitals, and patient barriers to care. In particular, the initiative faced difficulty if it was not well-matched to the factors driving increasing ED visits at a particular site, such as lack of patient access to outpatient or primary care. Additional challenges occurred if the initiative was not adapted and customized to the working systems in place at each site, involving employees, surgeons, support staff, and leadership.

Conclusions: Overall, findings can direct future focused efforts aimed at site-specific interventions to reduce unnecessary postoperative ED visits. Results demonstrated a need for a nuanced approach that can be adapted based on facility needs and resources.

Keywords: Bariatric; Barriers; Emergency department visits; Postoperative; Quality improvement.