. 2024 Jun 18;14(1):14037.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-65001-8.

Sedentary behaviour may cause differences in physical outcomes and activities of daily living in older cardiovascular disease patients participating in phase I cardiac rehabilitation

Kazuhiro P Izawa^#^{1

2}, Kodai Ishihara^#^{3

4

5}, Yuji Kanejima^{3

4

6}, Masahiro Kitamura^{3

4

7}, Asami Ogura^{3

4

8}, Ikko Kubo^{3

4

9}, Koichiro Oka^{4

10}, Peter H Brubaker¹¹, Hitomi Nagashima¹², Hideto Tawa¹³, Daisuke Matsumoto¹⁴, Ikki Shimizu¹⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-Chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan. izawapk@harbor.kobe-u.ac.jp.
² Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), Kobe, Japan. izawapk@harbor.kobe-u.ac.jp.
³ Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-Chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.
⁴ Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), Kobe, Japan.
⁵ Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Konan Women's University, Kobe, Japan.
⁶ Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
⁷ School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Reiwa Health Sciences University, Fukuoka, Japan.
⁸ Department of Rehabilitation, Sanda City Hospital, Sanda, Japan.
⁹ Department of Rehabilitation, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
¹⁰ Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
¹¹ Departments of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
¹² Department of Rehabilitation, Shinyukuhashi Hospital, Yukuhashi, Japan.
¹³ Department of Cardiology, Sanda City Hospital, Sanda, Japan.
¹⁴ Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
¹⁵ Department of Diabetes, Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 38890441
PMCID: PMC11189532
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65001-8

Sedentary behaviour may cause differences in physical outcomes and activities of daily living in older cardiovascular disease patients participating in phase I cardiac rehabilitation

Kazuhiro P Izawa et al. Sci Rep. 2024.

. 2024 Jun 18;14(1):14037.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-65001-8.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-Chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan. izawapk@harbor.kobe-u.ac.jp.
² Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), Kobe, Japan. izawapk@harbor.kobe-u.ac.jp.
³ Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, 10-2 Tomogaoka 7-Chome, Suma-ku, Kobe, 654-0142, Japan.
⁴ Cardiovascular Stroke Renal Project (CRP), Kobe, Japan.
⁵ Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Konan Women's University, Kobe, Japan.
⁶ Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
⁷ School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Reiwa Health Sciences University, Fukuoka, Japan.
⁸ Department of Rehabilitation, Sanda City Hospital, Sanda, Japan.
⁹ Department of Rehabilitation, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
¹⁰ Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
¹¹ Departments of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
¹² Department of Rehabilitation, Shinyukuhashi Hospital, Yukuhashi, Japan.
¹³ Department of Cardiology, Sanda City Hospital, Sanda, Japan.
¹⁴ Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
¹⁵ Department of Diabetes, Sakakibara Heart Institute of Okayama, Okayama, Japan.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 38890441
PMCID: PMC11189532
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65001-8

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the rate of sedentary behaviour and differences in physical outcomes and activities of daily living (ADL) based on sedentary behaviour time of hospitalized older cardiovascular disease patients undergoing phase I cardiac rehabilitation. Older cardiovascular disease patients were enrolled from October 2020 to September 2023 and were divided into the high sedentary behaviour group (≥ 480 min/day) and low sedentary behaviour group (< 480 min/day). Patients' clinical characteristics, usual gait speed, and Five Times Sit to Stand Test time were compared as indices of physical outcomes. Motor, cognitive, and total Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores were used as indices of ADL and compared between groups using analysis of covariance. Final analysis included 402 patients (mean age: 76.7 years, female: 35.3%). The high sedentary behaviour group included 48.5% of the study patients. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, gait speed (0.80 ± 0.27 vs. 0.96 ± 0.23 m/s, p < 0.001) was lower and FTSST time (11.31 ± 4.19 vs. 9.39 ± 3.11 s, p < 0.001) was higher in the high sedentary behaviour group versus low sedentary behaviour group. Motor (85.82 ± 8.82 vs. 88.09 ± 5.04 points, p < 0.001), cognitive (33.32 ± 2.93 vs. 34.04 ± 2.24 points, p < 0.001), and total FIM scores (119.13 ± 10.66 vs. 122.02 ± 6.30 points, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the high sedentary behaviour group versus low sedentary behaviour group after adjustment. In older cardiovascular disease patients in phase I cardiac rehabilitation, sedentary behaviour time might influence physical outcomes and ADL at discharge. It is thus important to consider the amount of sedentary behaviour time spent by these patients during daily life while hospitalized.

Keywords: Activities of daily living; Daily life; Older cardiovascular disease patients; Phase I cardiac rehabilitation; Physical outcomes; Sedentary behaviour.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Flow chart of the study participants. *CVD* cardiovascular disease, *PCI* percutaneous coronary intervention.

**Figure 2**
Comparison of the physical outcomes of GS and FITTS between the high SB group and low SB group. *FITTS* Five Times Sit to Stand Test, GS gait speed, SB sedentary behaviour.

**Figure 3**
Comparison of motor and cognitive FIM scores for activities of daily living between the high SB group and low SB group. *FIM* Functional Independence Measure, SB sedentary behaviour.

**Figure 4**
Comparison of total FIM scores for activities of daily living between the high SB group and low SB group. *FIM* Functional Independence Measure, SB sedentary behaviour.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Sedentary behaviour may cause differences in physical outcomes and activities of daily living in older cardiovascular disease patients participating in phase I cardiac rehabilitation

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Sedentary behaviour may cause differences in physical outcomes and activities of daily living in older cardiovascular disease patients participating in phase I cardiac rehabilitation

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