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Review
. 2024 Jun 5;25(11):6206.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25116206.

The Immune Response of Cancer Cells in Breast and Gynecologic Neoplasms

Katarzyna Rakoczy  1 , Justyna Kaczor  1 , Adam Sołtyk  1 , Natalia Szymańska  1 , Jakub Stecko  1 , Małgorzata Drąg-Zalesińska  2 , Julita Kulbacka  3   4
Affiliations
Review

The Immune Response of Cancer Cells in Breast and Gynecologic Neoplasms

Katarzyna Rakoczy et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Cancer diseases constitute a major health problem which leads to the death of millions of people annually. They are unique among other diseases because cancer cells can perfectly adapt to the environment that they create themselves. This environment is usually highly hostile and for normal cells it would be hugely difficult to survive, however neoplastic cells not only can survive but also manage to proliferate. One of the reasons is that they can alter immunological pathways which allow them to be flexible and change their phenotype to the one needed in specific conditions. The aim of this paper is to describe some of these immunological pathways that play significant roles in gynecologic neoplasms as well as review recent research in this field. It is of high importance to possess extensive knowledge about these processes, as greater understanding leads to creating more specialized therapies which may prove highly effective in the future.

Keywords: breast cancer; gynecological cancers; immune response; tumor microenvironment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic visualization of selected types of cells that are present in tumor microenvironment and their properties [13,14,15,16,17].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Visualization of positive and negative regulators of STAT3 [63,64,65,66].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Visualization of the complicity of STAT-3 pathways activated via Il-6 [63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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