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. 2024 May 23;16(11):1595.
doi: 10.3390/nu16111595.

Exploring the Preventive Potential of Vitamin D against Respiratory Infections in Preschool-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Oana Silvana Sarau  1   2 , Hari Charan Rachabattuni  3 , Sai Teja Gadde  4 , Sai Praveen Daruvuri  5 , Larisa Mihaela Marusca  2   6 , Florin George Horhat  7 , Ariadna Petronela Fildan  8 , Elena Tanase  2 , Catalin Prodan-Barbulescu  2   9   10 , Delia Ioana Horhat  11
Affiliations

Exploring the Preventive Potential of Vitamin D against Respiratory Infections in Preschool-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

Oana Silvana Sarau et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Recent studies hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation and subsequent higher 25(OH)D serum levels could protect against respiratory infections in children. This cross-sectional study, conducted from May 2022 to December 2023 in Timisoara, Romania, aimed to evaluate the potential influence of vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of respiratory infections among preschool-age children. This study examined 215 children over 18 months who were split into a group of patients with recurrent respiratory infections (n = 141) and another group of patients with only one respiratory tract infection in the past 12 months (n = 74). Patients were evaluated based on their serum vitamin D levels 25(OH)D, demographic characteristics, and health outcomes. The study identified that preschool-age children with recurrent infections had significantly lower mean vitamin D concentrations (24.5 ng/mL) compared to the control group (29.7 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Additionally, a higher proportion of vitamin D deficiency was observed among children with recurrent infections in the past 12 months. Notably, vitamin D supplementation above 600 IU/week significantly reduced the likelihood of respiratory infections, evidenced by an odds ratio of 0.523 (p < 0.001), indicating that preschool-age children receiving a dose of vitamin D higher than 600 IU/week were about half as likely to experience respiratory infections compared to those who did not. Furthermore, no significant associations were found between sun exposure, daily sunscreen use, and the incidence of respiratory infections. Conclusively, this study underscores the potential role of vitamin D in helping the immune system against respiratory infections in preschool-age children. The observed protective effect of vitamin D supplementation suggests a potential public health strategy to mitigate the incidence of respiratory infections in preschool children on top of the already known benefits.

Keywords: blood tests; children; respiratory infections; vitamin D.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Boxplot analysis of vitamin D levels between preschool children with and without recurrent respiratory infections in the past 12 months (non-recurrent indicates only 1 respiratory infection).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Boxplot analysis by number of respiratory infections in the past 12 months.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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