Validation of an Analytical Method of 3',4',5-Trihydroxy-3-Methoxy-6,7-Methylenedioxyflavone 4'-Glucuronide for Standardization of Spinacia oleracea

Abstract

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is one of the most famous vegetables worldwide, rich in essential metabolites for various health benefits. It is a valuable plant source that has the potential to be a nutraceutical. This study aimed to evaluate the single characteristic marker compound to establish the validation of HPLC-DAD methods applied to the development of a nutraceutical using spinach samples. Six metabolites (1-6) were identified from the spinach samples such as freeze-dried spinach (FDS) and spinach extract concentrate (SEC) by LC-Q-TOF/MS analysis. Among the six metabolites, 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone 4'-glucuronide (TMG) was selected as a marker compound due to its highest abundance and high selectivity. The specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision, repeatability, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of TMG in the spinach samples (FDS and SEC) were validated according to AOAC international guideline. The specificity was confirmed by monitoring the well separation of the marker compound from other compounds of spinach samples in the base peak intensity (BPI) and ultraviolet (UV) chromatogram. The calibration curve of TMG (15.625~500 μg/mL) had reasonable linearity (R² = 0.999) considered with LOD and LOQ values, respectively. Recovery rate of TMG was 93-101% for FDS and 90-95% for SEC. The precision was less than 3 and 6% in the intraday and interday. As a result, the HPLC-DAD validation method of TMG in the spinach samples (FDS and SEC) was first established with AOAC and KFDA regulations for approving functional ingredients in functional foods.

Keywords: HPLC method validation; TMG; nutraceuticals; quantitative analysis; spinach.

Figure 1

LC-Q-TOF/MS analysis of 80% ethanol extract of freeze-dried spinach (FDS). (A) Base peak intensity (BPI) and (B) ultraviolet (UV) chromatogram of FDS 80% ethanol extract. Individual mass gram of (C) peak 1, spinacetin 3-O-glucosyl-(1→6)-[apiosyl(1→2)]-glucoside; (D) peak 2, spinacetin-3-O-glucosyl-(1→6)-glucoside; (E) peak 3, spinatoside; (F) peak 4, jaceidin 4′-glucuronide; (G) peak 5, 3′,4′,5-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone 4′-glucuronide; (H) peak 6, 5,4′-dihydroxy-3,3′-dimethoxy-6,7-methylendioxyflavone-4′-glucuronide.

Figure 2

HPLC chromatogram of (A) the standard (TMG) solution at 62.5 μg/mL, (B) freeze-dried spinach (FDS), and (C) spinach extract concentrate (SEC) solutions at 350 nm.