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Review
. 2024 May 22;24(11):3294.
doi: 10.3390/s24113294.

Advancements in Cerebrospinal Fluid Biosensors: Bridging the Gap from Early Diagnosis to the Detection of Rare Diseases

Ghazal Hatami-Fard  1 , Salzitsa Anastasova-Ivanova  1
Affiliations
Review

Advancements in Cerebrospinal Fluid Biosensors: Bridging the Gap from Early Diagnosis to the Detection of Rare Diseases

Ghazal Hatami-Fard et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a body fluid that can be used for the diagnosis of various diseases. However, CSF collection requires an invasive and painful procedure called a lumbar puncture (LP). This procedure is applied to any patient with a known risk of central nervous system (CNS) damage or neurodegenerative disease, regardless of their age range. Hence, this can be a very painful procedure, especially in infants and elderly patients. On the other hand, the detection of disease biomarkers in CSF makes diagnoses as accurate as possible. This review aims to explore novel electrochemical biosensing platforms that have impacted biomedical science. Biosensors have emerged as techniques to accelerate the detection of known biomarkers in body fluids such as CSF. Biosensors can be designed and modified in various ways and shapes according to their ultimate applications to detect and quantify biomarkers of interest. This process can also significantly influence the detection and diagnosis of CSF. Hence, it is important to understand the role of this technology in the rapidly progressing field of biomedical science.

Keywords: CSF; biosensing; minimally invasive; smart sensors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Lumbar puncture is the most commonly used technique for CSF collection. As a biomarker of various central nervous system disorders, it is detectable in CSF [22]. (B) A variety of tests and techniques are available for the analysis of CSF samples, most of which are lab-based and require long processing times and special equipment. Point-of-care biosensors are the fastest approach and can be used in situ for the detection of biomarkers of interest [23]. (C) Electrochemical detection of analytes of interest can be carried out using a working electrode that can be modified for the detection of a particular analyte, after which a signal is transduced to a potentiostat for quantification of the concentration [24].
Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Lumbar puncture is the most commonly used technique for CSF collection. As a biomarker of various central nervous system disorders, it is detectable in CSF [22]. (B) A variety of tests and techniques are available for the analysis of CSF samples, most of which are lab-based and require long processing times and special equipment. Point-of-care biosensors are the fastest approach and can be used in situ for the detection of biomarkers of interest [23]. (C) Electrochemical detection of analytes of interest can be carried out using a working electrode that can be modified for the detection of a particular analyte, after which a signal is transduced to a potentiostat for quantification of the concentration [24].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Electrochemical detection of analytes of interest (this figure was generated using biorender.com, accessed on 22 March 2024).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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