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Review
. 2024 Jul 18;45(4):724-746.
doi: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.397.

Skeletal phenotypes and molecular mechanisms in aging mice

Qiao Guan  1 , Yuan Zhang  2 , Zhi-Kun Wang  1 , Xiao-Hua Liu  1 , Jun Zou  1 , Ling-Li Zhang  3
Affiliations
Review

Skeletal phenotypes and molecular mechanisms in aging mice

Qiao Guan et al. Zool Res. .

Abstract
in English, Chinese

Aging is an inevitable physiological process, often accompanied by age-related bone loss and subsequent bone-related diseases that pose serious health risks. Research on skeletal diseases caused by aging in humans is challenging due to lengthy study durations, difficulties in sampling, regional variability, and substantial investment. Consequently, mice are preferred for such studies due to their similar motor system structure and function to humans, ease of handling and care, low cost, and short generation time. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the characteristics, limitations, applicability, bone phenotypes, and treatment methods in naturally aging mice and prematurely aging mouse models (including SAMP6, POLG mutant, LMNA, SIRT6, ZMPSTE24, TFAM, ERCC1, WERNER, and KL/KL-deficient mice). We also summarize the molecular mechanisms of these aging mouse models, including cellular DNA damage response, senescence-related secretory phenotype, telomere shortening, oxidative stress, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) abnormalities, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Overall, this review aims to enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis of aging-related bone diseases.

衰老是一个不可避免的生理过程。随着年龄的增长，骨骼常伴随着年龄相关性的骨质流失，进而发生一系列严重威胁人体健康的骨相关疾病。如果以人作为研究对象进行衰老引起的骨骼疾病的研究，将面临着研究时间长、采样不方便、受区域因素影响较大、投入大等问题。小鼠运动系统的结构和功能与人类相似，控制简单，易于获取，成本低，生成时间短，是相对其他实验动物更适合研究衰老对骨骼系统影响的研究对象。因此，该文就自然衰老小鼠和早衰小鼠 (包括 SAMP6小鼠、POLG小鼠、 LMNA小鼠、 SIRT6小鼠、 ZMPSTE24小鼠、 TFAM小鼠、 ERCC1小鼠、 WERNER小鼠和 KL/KL缺陷小鼠)的特点、局限性、应用范围、骨表型及治疗方法进行综述。另外，该文也对上述衰老小鼠模型的作用机制进行了总结，包括细胞DNA损伤反应、衰老相关分泌表型、端粒缩短、氧化应激、骨髓干细胞异常和线粒体功能障碍。希望本文的综述能对了解衰老相关骨病的发病机制有所帮助。.

Keywords: Aging; Bone; Gene knockout; Mice; Premature aging.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Naturally aging mouse phenotypes
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phenotypes of prematurely aging mice
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pathological features of each premature aging mouse models
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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