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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Jun 19;43(1):87.
doi: 10.1186/s41043-024-00580-w.

Dietary inflammatory index and its association with risk of metabolic syndrome and its components: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of Observational studies

Farnush Bakhshimoghaddam  1   2   3 , Rezvan Chaharlang  1   2   3 , Anahita Mansoori  2   3 , Narges Dehghanseresht  4   5   6
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Dietary inflammatory index and its association with risk of metabolic syndrome and its components: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of Observational studies

Farnush Bakhshimoghaddam et al. J Health Popul Nutr. .

Abstract

Background: It is believed that the progression and development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. Several studies have suggested that the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), which estimates the inflammatory potential of diets, is associated with MetS. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the relationships between DII and the MetS and its components.

Methods: Relevant articles published in English from inception to May 2024 were identified by searching electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We included studies that reported the odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR), or hazard ratio for the association of DII with the MetS and its components. Effect sizes were pooled using a random effects model.

Results: A total of three prospective studies and 22 cross-sectional studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that pro-inflammatory diets were significantly associated with an increased risk of MetS in cohort studies (RR: 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-1.48) and cross-sectional studies (OR:1.24; 95% CI: 1.11-1.38). Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed that a higher DII score was significantly associated with higher odds of hypertension (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.10-1.28) and hyperglycemia (OR = 1.18; CI = 1.06-1.32). The pooled OR comparing the highest versus lowest category of DII with the odds of abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia was significant only after adjustment for covariates.

Conclusions: In general, higher DII is associated with a higher risk of MetS and some of its components. Based on the findings, dietary interventions should be considered for preventing MetS from the inflammatory perspective.

Keywords: Dietary inflammatory index; Inflammation; Meta-analysis; Metabolic syndrome; Obesity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for new systematic reviews which included searches of databases and registers only From: Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021;372:n71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71. For more information, visit: http://www.prisma-statement.org/
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot of the association between the dietary inflammatory index and the risk of the metabolic syndrome in cohort studies. (top v. bottom category)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot of the association between the dietary inflammatory index and the risk of the metabolic syndrome in cross-sectional studies. (top v. bottom category)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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