Indigenous maternal and infant outcomes and women's experiences of midwifery care: A mixed-methods systematic review

Abstract

Background: The impact of midwifery, and especially Indigenous midwifery, care for Indigenous women and communities has not been comprehensively reviewed. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a mixed-methods systematic review to understand Indigenous maternal and infant outcomes and women's' experiences with midwifery care.

Methods: We searched nine databases to identify primary studies reporting on midwifery and Indigenous maternal and infant birth outcomes and experiences, published in English since 2000. We synthesized quantitative and qualitative outcome data using a convergent segregated mixed-methods approach and used a mixed-methods appraisal tool (MMAT) to assess the methodological quality of included studies. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool (ATSI QAT) was used to appraise the inclusion of Indigenous perspectives in the evidence.

Results: Out of 3044 records, we included 35 individual studies with 55% (19 studies) reporting on maternal and infant health outcomes. Comparative studies (n = 13) showed no significant differences in mortality rates but identified reduced preterm births, earlier prenatal care, and an increased number of prenatal visits for Indigenous women receiving midwifery care. Quality of care studies indicated a preference for midwifery care among Indigenous women. Sixteen qualitative studies highlighted three key findings - culturally safe care, holistic care, and improved access to care. The majority of studies were of high methodological quality (91% met ≥80% criteria), while only 14% of studies were considered to have appropriately included Indigenous perspectives.

Conclusion: This review demonstrates the value of midwifery care for Indigenous women, providing evidence to support policy recommendations promoting midwifery care as a physically and culturally safe model for Indigenous women and families.

Keywords: Indigenous midwifery; Indigenous population; Torres Strait Islander; aboriginal; cultural safety; health services; midwifery care.

FIGURE 1

PRISMA diagram.

FIGURE 2

Themes associated with Indigenous women's experiences. *Artwork is the original work of Tom Crier, a Cree artist, designed to specifically and meaningfully visualize the qualitative themes. [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]