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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Jun 20;6(6):CD013800.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013800.pub2.

Peritoneal dialysis versus haemodialysis for people commencing dialysis

Isabelle Ethier  1   2 , Ashik Hayat  3   4 , Juan Pei  3   5 , Carmel M Hawley  3   6   7 , David W Johnson  3   6   7 , Ross S Francis  3   4 , Germaine Wong  8 , Jonathan C Craig  9   10 , Andrea K Viecelli  3   6   7 , Htay Htay  11 , Samantha Ng  3 , Saskia Leibowitz  12 , Yeoungjee Cho  3   6   7
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Peritoneal dialysis versus haemodialysis for people commencing dialysis

Isabelle Ethier et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) and haemodialysis (HD) are two possible modalities for people with kidney failure commencing dialysis. Only a few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated PD versus HD. The benefits and harms of the two modalities remain uncertain. This review includes both RCTs and non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs).

Objectives: To evaluate the benefits and harms of PD, compared to HD, in people with kidney failure initiating dialysis.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies from 2000 to June 2024 using search terms relevant to this review. Studies in the Register were identified through searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, conference proceedings, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) Search Portal, and ClinicalTrials.gov. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for NRSIs from 2000 until 28 March 2023.

Selection criteria: RCTs and NRSIs evaluating PD compared to HD in people initiating dialysis were eligible.

Data collection and analysis: Two investigators independently assessed if the studies were eligible and then extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using standard Cochrane methods, and relevant outcomes were extracted for each report. The primary outcome was residual kidney function (RKF). Secondary outcomes included all-cause, cardiovascular and infection-related death, infection, cardiovascular disease, hospitalisation, technique survival, life participation and fatigue.

Main results: A total of 153 reports of 84 studies (2 RCTs, 82 NRSIs) were included. Studies varied widely in design (small single-centre studies to international registry analyses) and in the included populations (broad inclusion criteria versus restricted to more specific participants). Additionally, treatment delivery (e.g. automated versus continuous ambulatory PD, HD with catheter versus arteriovenous fistula or graft, in-centre versus home HD) and duration of follow-up varied widely. The two included RCTs were deemed to be at high risk of bias in terms of blinding participants and personnel and blinding outcome assessment for outcomes pertaining to quality of life. However, most other criteria were assessed as low risk of bias for both studies. Although the risk of bias (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) was generally low for most NRSIs, studies were at risk of selection bias and residual confounding due to the constraints of the observational study design. In children, there may be little or no difference between HD and PD on all-cause death (6 studies, 5752 participants: RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.07; I2 = 28%; low certainty) and cardiovascular death (3 studies, 7073 participants: RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.58 to 2.59; I2 = 29%; low certainty), and was unclear for infection-related death (4 studies, 7451 participants: RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.39 to 2.46; I2 = 56%; very low certainty). In adults, compared with HD, PD had an uncertain effect on RKF (mL/min/1.73 m2) at six months (2 studies, 146 participants: MD 0.90, 95% CI 0.23 to 3.60; I2 = 82%; very low certainty), 12 months (3 studies, 606 participants: MD 1.21, 95% CI -0.01 to 2.43; I2 = 81%; very low certainty) and 24 months (3 studies, 334 participants: MD 0.71, 95% CI -0.02 to 1.48; I2 = 72%; very low certainty). PD had uncertain effects on residual urine volume at 12 months (3 studies, 253 participants: MD 344.10 mL/day, 95% CI 168.70 to 519.49; I2 = 69%; very low certainty). PD may reduce the risk of RKF loss (3 studies, 2834 participants: RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.68; I2 = 17%; low certainty). Compared with HD, PD had uncertain effects on all-cause death (42 studies, 700,093 participants: RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.98; I2 = 99%; very low certainty). In an analysis restricted to RCTs, PD may reduce the risk of all-cause death (2 studies, 1120 participants: RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.86; I2 = 0%; moderate certainty). PD had uncertain effects on both cardiovascular (21 studies, 68,492 participants: RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.19; I2 = 92%) and infection-related death (17 studies, 116,333 participants: RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.42; I2 = 98%) (both very low certainty). Compared with HD, PD had uncertain effects on the number of patients experiencing bacteraemia/bloodstream infection (2 studies, 2582 participants: RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.10 to 1.18; I2 = 68%) and the number of patients experiencing infection episodes (3 studies, 277 participants: RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.62; I2 = 20%) (both very low certainty). PD may reduce the number of bacteraemia/bloodstream infection episodes (2 studies, 2637 participants: RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.71; I2 = 24%; low certainty). Compared with HD; It is uncertain whether PD reduces the risk of acute myocardial infarction (4 studies, 110,850 participants: RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.10; I2 = 55%), coronary artery disease (3 studies, 5826 participants: RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.97; I2 = 62%); ischaemic heart disease (2 studies, 58,374 participants: RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.28; I2 = 95%), congestive heart failure (3 studies, 49,511 participants: RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.21; I2 = 89%) and stroke (4 studies, 102,542 participants: RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.99; I2 = 0%) because of low to very low certainty evidence. Compared with HD, PD had uncertain effects on the number of patients experiencing hospitalisation (4 studies, 3282 participants: RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.30; I2 = 97%) and all-cause hospitalisation events (4 studies, 42,582 participants: RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.29; I2 = 91%) (very low certainty). None of the included studies reported specifically on life participation or fatigue. However, two studies evaluated employment. Compared with HD, PD had uncertain effects on employment at one year (2 studies, 593 participants: RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.20 to 3.43; I2 = 97%; very low certainty).

Authors' conclusions: The comparative effectiveness of PD and HD on the preservation of RKF, all-cause and cause-specific death risk, the incidence of bacteraemia, other vascular complications (e.g. stroke, cardiovascular events) and patient-reported outcomes (e.g. life participation and fatigue) are uncertain, based on data obtained mostly from NRSIs, as only two RCTs were included.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01413074 NCT02378350 NCT00931970 NCT00510549 NCT04197674.

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Conflict of interest statement

  1. Isabelle Ethier: No relevant interests were disclosed

  2. Ashik Hayat: No relevant interests were disclosed

  3. Juan Pei: No relevant interests were disclosed

  4. Carmel M Hawley: No relevant interests were disclosed

  5. David W Johnson: Bayer (Independent Contractor ‐ Consultant), Ono (Independent Contractor ‐ Consultant), AstraZeneca (Independent Contractor ‐ Consultant), Baxter Healthcare Corporation (Independent Contractor ‐ Consultant), Amgen (Travel), Boehringer Ingelheim (Independent Contractor ‐ Other), BAXTER HEALTHCARE (Independent Contractor ‐ Consultant), AWAK (Independent Contractor ‐ Consultant), Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma Ltd. (Independent Contractor ‐ Consultant)

  6. Ross S Francis: Exelixis Inc. (Independent Contractor ‐ Consultant)

  7. Germaine Wong: No relevant interests were disclosed

  8. Jonathan C Craig: No relevant interests were disclosed

  9. Andrea K Viecelli: No relevant interests were disclosed

  10. Yeoungjee Choi: Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma Ltd. (Grant / Contract), Baxter Healthcare Corporation (Grant / Contract), Baxter Healthcare Corporation (Grant / Contract)

  11. Htay Htay: BAXTER HEALTHCARE (Independent Contractor ‐ Consultant), AWAK (Independent Contractor ‐ Consultant

  12. Samantha Ng: No relevant interests were disclosed

  13. Saskia Leibowitz: No relevant interests were disclosed

Figures

1
1
Flow diagram
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 1: Residual kidney function at 6 months [mL/min/1.73 m2]
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 2: Residual kidney function at 12 months [mL/min/1.73 m2]
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 3: Residual kidney function at 24 months [mL/min/1.73 m2]
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 4: Residual urine volume at 12 months [mL/day]
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 5: Loss of residual kidney function (number who became anuric) at approximately 12‐month follow‐up
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 6: All‐cause death
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 7: Cardiovascular death
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 8: Infection‐related death
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 9: Bacteraemia/bloodstream infection
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 10: Infection episodes (all types)
1.11
1.11. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 11: Bacteraemia/bloodstream infection episodes
1.12
1.12. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 12: Acute myocardial infarction
1.13
1.13. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 13: Coronary artery disease
1.14
1.14. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 14: Ischaemic heart disease
1.15
1.15. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 15: Congestive heart failure
1.16
1.16. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 16: Stroke
1.17
1.17. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 17: Hospitalisation
1.18
1.18. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 18: All‐cause hospitalisation events
1.19
1.19. Analysis
Comparison 1: PD versus HD, Outcome 19: Employed patients 1 year after dialysis initiation
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Li 2018 {published data only}
    1. Li JW, Wong JHS, Chak WL, Chau KF. Effect of incident nocturnal home hemodialysis versus incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis on employment rate, clinical, and laboratory outcomes: A 1-year retrospective observation study. Hemodialysis International 2018;22(3):308-17. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Liem 2007 {published data only}
    1. Liem YS, Wong JB, Hunink MGM, de Charro FTh, Winkelmayer WC. Comparison of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis survival in The Netherlands. Kidney International 2007;71(2):153-8. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Lin 2012 {published data only}
    1. Lin HH, Tsai CW, Lin PH, Cheng KF, Wu HD, Wang IK, et al. Survival analysis of pediatric dialysis patients in Taiwan. Nephrology 2012;17(7):621-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Litwin 2001 {published data only}
    1. Litwin M, Grenda R, Prokurat S, Abuauba M, Latoszynska J, Jobs K, et al. Patient survival and causes of death on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis--single-center study. Pediatric Nephrology 2001;16(12):996-1001. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Liu 2001 {published data only}
    1. Liu H, Li G. Comparison of mortality rates between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis in diabetic nephropathy patients. Chung-Hua Nei Ko Tsa Chih [Chinese Journal of Internal Medicine] 2001;40(11):737-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Locatelli 2001 {published data only}
    1. Locatelli F, Marcelli D, Conte F, D'Amico M, Del Vecchio L, Limido A, et al. Survival and development of cardiovascular disease by modality of treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2001;12(11):2411-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Matsushita 2015 {published data only}
    1. Matsushita Y, Yamamoto S, Nobuoka M, Tohara Y, Yamauchi E, Hagio K, et al. Comparison of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis survival in elderly patients [abstract no: SP490]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2015;30(Suppl 3):iii541. [EMBASE: 72207816]
McKane 2002 {published data only}
    1. McKane W, Chandna SM, Tattersall JE, Greenwood RN, Farrington K. Identical decline of residual renal function in high-flux biocompatible hemodialysis and CAPD. Kidney International 2002;61(1):256-65. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Mimura 2005 {published data only}
    1. Mimura T, Takenaka T, Kanno Y, Aoki H, Ohshima J, Suzuki H. Comparison of changes in pulse wave velocity in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis one year after introduction of dialysis therapy. Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis 2005;21:139-45. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Mircescu 2014 {published data only}
    1. Mircescu G, Stefan G, Garneata L, Mititiuc I, Siriopol D, Covic A. Outcomes of dialytic modalities in a large incident registry cohort from Eastern Europe: the Romanian Renal Registry. International Urology & Nephrology 2014;46(2):443-51. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Misra 2001 {published data only}
    1. Misra M, Vonesh E, Van Stone JC, Moore HL, Prowant B, Nolph KD. Effect of cause and time of dropout on the residual GFR: a comparative analysis of the decline of GFR on dialysis. Kidney International 2001;59(2):754-63. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Miyazaki 2023 {published data only}
    1. Miyazaki M, Sasaki K, Nakashima A, Takahashi A, Ishiuchi N, Tamura R, et al. Comparison of survival rates between incident hemodialysis patients and peritoneal dialysis patients: a 5-year prospective cohort study with propensity score matching. Clinical & Experimental Nephrology 2023;27(5):419-26. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Moist 2000 {published data only}
    1. Moist LM, Port FK, Orzol SM, Young EW, Ostbye T, Wolfe RA, et al. Predictors of loss of residual renal function among new dialysis patients. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2000;11(3):556-64. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Murphy 2000 {published data only}
    1. Murphy SW, Foley RN, Barrett BJ, Kent GM, Morgan J, Barré P, et al. Comparative mortality of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in Canada. Kidney International 2000;57(4):1720-6. [PMID: ] - PubMed
NECOSAD‐2 {published data only}
    1. Jansen MA, Hart AA, Korevaar JC, Dekker FW, Boeschoten EW, Krediet RT. Predictors of the rate of decline of residual renal function in incident dialysis patients. Kidney International 2002;62(3):1046-53. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Lengton R, Willik EM, Rooij EN, Meuleman Y, Le Cessie S, Michels WM, et al. Effect of residual kidney function and dialysis adequacy on chronic pruritus in dialysis patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2023;38(6):1508-18. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
    1. Noordzij M, Korevaar JC, Bos WJ, Boeschoten EW, Dekker FW, Bossuyt PM, et al. Mineral metabolism and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risk: peritoneal dialysis patients compared with haemodialysis patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2006;21(9):2513-20. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Noordzij M, Voormolen NM, Boeschoten EW, Dekker FW, Bos WJ, Krediet RT, et al. Disordered mineral metabolism is not a risk factor for loss of residual renal function in dialysis patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2009;24(5):1580–7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Termorshuizen F, Korevaar JC, Dekker FW, Van Manen JG, Boeschoten EW, Krediet RT. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: comparison of adjusted mortality rates according to the duration of dialysis: analysis of The Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis 2. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2003;14(11):2851-60. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Nitsch 2011 {published data only}
    1. Nitsch D, Steenkamp R, Tomson CR, Roderick P, Ansell D, MacGregor MS. Outcomes in patients on home haemodialysis in England and Wales, 1997-2005: a comparative cohort analysis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2011;26(5):1670-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Nordio 2012 {published data only}
    1. Nordio M, Limido A, Maggiore U, Nichelatti M, Postorino M, Quintaliani G, et al. Survival in patients treated by long-term dialysis compared with the general population. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2012;59(6):819-28. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Nordio M, Tessitore N, Feriani M, Rossi B, Virga G, Amici G, et al. Mortality in the Veneto population on renal replacement therapy. Journal of Nephrology 2013;26 Suppl 20:S23-33. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Quinn 2011 {published data only}
    1. Quinn RR, Hux JE, Oliver MJ, Austin PC, Tonelli M, Laupacis A. Selection bias explains apparent differential mortality between dialysis modalities. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2011;22(8):1534-42. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Quinn 2014 {published data only}
    1. Quinn RR, Ravani P, Zhang X, Garg AX, Blake PG, Austin PC, et al. Impact of modality choice on rates of hospitalization in patients eligible for both peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Peritoneal Dialysis International 2014;34(1):41-8. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
REIN 2011 {published data only}
    1. Levy B, Couchoud C, Rougier JP, Jourde-Chiche N, Daugas E. Outcome of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on chronic dialysis: an observational study of incident patients of the French National Registry 2002-2012. Lupus 2015;24(10):1111-21. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Sens F, Schott-Pethelaz AM, Labeeuw M, Colin C, Villar E. Survival advantage of hemodialysis relative to peritoneal dialysis in patients with end-stage renal disease and congestive heart failure. Kidney International 2011;80(9):970-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Thiery A, Severac F, Hannedouche T, Couchoud C, Do VH, Tiple A, et al. Survival advantage of planned haemodialysis over peritoneal dialysis: a cohort study. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2018;33(8):1411-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Rydell 2019 {published data only}
    1. Rydell H, Ivarsson K, Almquist M, Clyne N, Segelmark M. Fewer hospitalizations and prolonged technique survival with home hemodialysis- a matched cohort study from the Swedish Renal Registry. BMC Nephrology 2019;20(1):480. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rydell H, Ivarsson K, Almquist M, Segelmark M, Clyne N. Improved long-term survival with home hemodialysis compared with institutional hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: a matched cohort study. BMC Nephrology 2019;20(1):52. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Saka 2017 {published data only}
    1. Saka Y, Naruse T, Tawada N, Tokomoto M, Noda Y, Taniguchi Y, et al. Quality of life of elderly patients on peritoneal dialysis versus hemodialysis: a single-center study. Clinical & Experimental Nephrology 2017;21(5):919-25. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Sanabria 2008 {published data only}
    1. Sanabria M, Muoz J, Trillos C, Hernandez G, Latorre C, Diaz CS, et al. Dialysis outcomes in Colombia (DOC) study: a comparison of patient survival on peritoneal dialysis vs hemodialysis in Colombia. Kidney International - Supplement 2008;73(108):S165-72. [PMID: ] - PubMed
SINGAPORE {published data only}
    1. Panday VB, Tong ZP, Ng PL, Lee EJ, Lau T, Teo BW, et al. Dialysis modality and 2-year outcomes in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and end-stage renal disease. International Journal of Cardiology 2014;176(3):1097-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Yang F, Khin LW, Lau T, Chua HR, Vathsala A, Lee E, et al. Hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis: a comparison of survival outcomes in south-east Asian patients with end-stage renal disease. PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource] 2015;10(10):e0140195. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Szuster 2012 {published data only}
    1. Szuster DA, Caiaffa WT, Andrade EI, Acurcio Fde A, Cherchiglia ML. Survival analysis of dialysis patients in the Brazilian Unified National Health System [Sobrevida de pacientes em dialise no SUS no Brasil]. Cadernos de Saude Publica 2012;28(3):415-24. [PMID: ] - PubMed
TAIWAN {published data only}
    1. Chen HJ, Wang JJ, Tsay WI, Her SH, Lin CH, Chien CC. Epidemiology and outcome of acute pancreatitis in end-stage renal disease dialysis patients: a 10-year national cohort study. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2017;32(10):1731-6. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Chen YJ, Kung PT, Wang YH, Huang CC, Hsu SC, Tsai WC, et al. Greater risk of hip fracture in hemodialysis than in peritoneal dialysis. Osteoporosis International 2014;25(5):1513-8. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Hu PJ, Chen YW, Chen TT, Sung LC, Wu MY, Wu MS. Impact of dialysis modality on major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: a national population-based study. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2021;36(5):901-8. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Hung YM, Chen YY, Huang WC, Wang PYP, Chou P, Lai YJ. Association between dialysis modalities and risk of coronary artery disease: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. Therapeutic Apheresis & Dialysis 2018;22(5):469-75. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Lin ZZ, Wang JJ, Chung CR, Huang PC, Su BA, Cheng KC, et al. Epidemiology and mortality of hip fracture among patients on dialysis: Taiwan National Cohort Study. Bone 2014;64:235-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Tamayo Isla 2016 {published data only}
    1. Tamayo Isla RA, Ameh OI, Mapiye D, Swanepoel CR, Bello AK, Ratsela AR, et al. Baseline predictors of mortality among predominantly rural-dwelling end-stage renal disease patients on chronic dialysis therapies in Limpopo, South Africa. PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource] 2016;11(6):e0156642. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Teruel‐Briones 2013 {published data only}
    1. Teruel-Briones JL, Fernandez-Lucas M, Rivera-Gorrin M, Ruiz-Roso G, Diaz-Dominguez M, Rodriguez-Mendiola N, et al. Progression of residual renal function with an increase in dialysis: haemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis. Nefrologia 2013;33(5):640-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Traynor 2011 {published data only}
    1. Traynor JP, Thomson PC, Simpson K, Ayansina DT, Prescott GJ, Mactier RA. Comparison of patient survival in non-diabetic transplant-listed patients initially treated with haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2011;26(1):245-52. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Tsai 2019 {published data only}
    1. Tsai WT, Chang HC, Wang CT, Chiang BL, Lin YT. Long-term outcomes in lupus patients receiving different renal replacement therapy. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, & Infection 2019;52(4):648-53. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Tse 2003 {published data only}
    1. Tse KC, Lui SL, Lo WK. Comparison of long-term survival (beyond 12 years) in patients on peritoneal dialysis and on hemodialysis. Peritoneal Dialysis International 2003;23 Suppl 2:S104-8. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Uchida 2007 {published data only}
    1. Uchida K, Shoda J, Sugahara S, Ikeda N, Kobayashi K, Kanno Y, et al. Comparison and survival of patients receiving hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in a single center. Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis 2007;23:144-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Ueda 2017 {published data only}
    1. Ueda A, Iwase M, Usui T, Hirayama A, Nagai K, Saito C, et al. Peritoneal dialysis patients preserve residual renal function and reduced oxidative stress during the initial period of dialysis therapy [abstract no: MP419]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2014;29(Suppl 3):iii472-3. [EMBASE: 71492830]
    1. Ueda A, Nagai K, Hirayama A, Nagasaki Y, Yamagata K. Combination therapy with PD+HD from the initiation of renal replacement therapy preserves the residual renal function and serum albumin [abstract]. Hemodialysis International 2017;21(1):A30. [EMBASE: 614510747]
    1. Ueda A, Nagai K, Hirayama A, Saito C, Yamagata K. Combination therapy with peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis from the initiation of renal replacement therapy preserves residual renal function and serum albumin. Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis 2017;33(2017):74-8. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Ueda A, Nagai K, Hirayama A, Saito C, Yamagata K. Peritoneal dialysis preserves residual renal function and reduces oxidative stress during the initial period of dialysis therapy. Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis 2017;33(2017):18-21. [PMID: ] - PubMed
USRDS 1995‐2000 {published data only}
    1. Ahuja TS, Collinge N, Grady J, Khan S. Is dialysis modality a factor in survival of patients with ESRD and HIV-associated nephropathy? American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2003;41(5):1060-4. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Collins AJ, Weinhandl E, Snyder JJ, Chen SC, Gilbertson D. Comparison and survival of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in the elderly. Seminars in Dialysis 2002;15(2):98-102. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Stack AG, Murthy BV, Molony DA. Survival differences between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis among "large" ESRD patients in the United States. Kidney International 2004;65(6):2398-408. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Vonesh EF, Snyder JJ, Foley RN, Collins AJ. The differential impact of risk factors on mortality in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Kidney International 2004;66(6):2389-401. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Xue JL, Everson SE, Constantini EG, Ebben JP, Chen SC, Agodoa LY, et al. Peritoneal and hemodialysis: II. Mortality risk associated with initial patient characteristics. Kidney International 2002;61(2):741-6. [PMID: ] - PubMed
USRDS 2001‐2006 {published data only}
    1. Contreras G, Pagan J, Chokshi R, Virmani S, Diego JM, Byers P, et al. Comparison of mortality of ESRD patients with lupus by initial dialysis modality. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN 2014;9(11):1949-56. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lievense H, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Lukowsky LR, Molnar MZ, Duong U, Nissenson A, et al. Relationship of body size and initial dialysis modality on subsequent transplantation, mortality and weight gain of ESRD patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2012;27(9):3631-8. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
    1. St Peter WL, Sozio SM, Shafi T, Ephraim PL, Luly J, McDermott A, et al. Patterns in blood pressure medication use in US incident dialysis patients over the first 6 months. BMC Nephrology 2013;14:249. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Vacaroiu 2012 {published data only}
    1. Vacaroiu IA, Radulescu D, Ciocalteu A, Peride I, Ardeleanu S, Checherita IA. Functional status of chronic renal replacement therapy in elderly patients--comparison between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Revista Medico-Chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici Si Naturalisti Din Iasi 2012;361(16):375-82. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Van Biesen 2000 {published data only}
    1. Van Biesen W, Vanholder RC, Veys N, Dhondt A, Lameire NH. An evaluation of an integrative care approach for end-stage renal disease patients. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2000;11(1):116-25. [PMID: ] - PubMed
van de Luijtgaarden 2011 {published data only}
    1. de Luijtgaarden MW, Noordzij M, Stel VS, Ravani P, Jarraya F, Collart F, et al. Effects of comorbid and demographic factors on dialysis modality choice and related patient survival in Europe. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2011;26(9):2940-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Waldum‐Grevbo 2015 {published data only}
    1. Waldum-Grevbo B, Leivestad T, Reisaeter AV, Os I. Impact of initial dialysis modality on mortality: a propensity-matched study. BMC Nephrology 2015;16:179. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Weinhandl 2010 {published data only}
    1. Weinhandl ED, Foley RN, Gilbertson DT, Arneson TJ, Snyder JJ, Collins AJ. Propensity-matched mortality comparison of incident hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2010;21(3):499-506. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Weinhandl 2016 {published data only}
    1. Weinhandl ED, Gilbertson DT, Collins AJ. Mortality, hospitalization, and technique failure in daily home hemodialysis and matched peritoneal dialysis patients: a matched cohort study. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2016;67(1):98-110. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Wu 2014 {published data only}
    1. Wu B, Wang M, Gan L, Zhao H. Comparison of patient survival between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in a single Chinese center. International Urology & Nephrology 2014;46(12):2403-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Xu 2023 {published data only}
    1. Xu F, Yang Y, Wu M, Zhou W, Wang D, Cui W. Patients with end-stage renal disease and diabetes had similar survival rates whether they received hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Therapeutic Apheresis & Dialysis 2023;27(1):59-65. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Yao 2020 {published data only}
    1. Yao X, Lei W, Shi N, Lin W, Du X, Zhang P, et al. Impact of initial dialysis modality on the survival of patients with ESRD in eastern China: a propensity-matched study. BMC Nephrology 2020;21(310):310. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Yong 2014 {published data only}
    1. Yong K, Dogra G, Boudville N, Lim W. Increased inflammatory response in association with the initiation of hemodialysis compared with peritoneal dialysis in a prospective study of end-stage kidney disease patients. Peritoneal Dialysis International 2018;38(1):18-23. [PMID: ] - PubMed
    1. Yong K, Dogra G, Boudville N, Lim W. The effects of dialysis modality upon inflammation in predialysis end-stage renal disease patients [abstract]. Nephrology 2016;21(Suppl 2):47‐8. [EMBASE: 612312815]
    1. Yong K, Dogra G, Boudville N, Lim WH. Improvements in arterial stiffness are associated with changes in blood pressure but not dialysis modality in incident dialysis patients [abstract no: 072]. Nephrology 2014;19(Suppl 4):36. [EMBASE: 71587852]

References to studies excluded from this review

Abderrahim 2001 {published data only}
    1. Abderrahim E, Zouaghi K, Hedri H, Ben Abdallah T, Ben Hamida F, Kaaroud H, et al. Renal replacement therapy for diabetic end-stage renal disease. Experience of a Tunisian hospital centre. Diabetes & Metabolism 2001;27((5 Pt 1)):584-90. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Adeniyi 2009 {published data only}
    1. Adeniyi M, Kassam H, Agaba EI, Sun Y, Servilla KS, Raj DS, et al. Hospitalizations in patients treated sequentially by chronic hemodialysis and continuous peritoneal dialysis. Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis 2009;25:72-5. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Al‐Jahdali 2009 {published data only}
    1. Al-Jahdali HH, Al-Qadhi WA, Khogeer HA, Al-Hejaili FF, Al-Ghamdi SM, Al Sayyari AA. Restless legs syndrome in patients on dialysis. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases & Transplantation 2009;20(3):378-85. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Alvares 2013 {published data only}
    1. Alvares J, Almeida AM, Szuster DA, Gomes IC, Andrade EI, Acurio Fde A, et al. Factors associated with quality of life in patients in renal replacement therapy in Brazil [Fatores associados a qualidade de vida de pacientes em terapia renal substitutiva no Brasil]. Ciencia & Saude Coletiva 2013;18(7):1903-10. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Al‐Wakeel 2002 {published data only}
    1. Al Wakeel JS, Mitwalli AH, Al Mohaya S, Abu-Aisha H, Tarif N, Malik GH, et al. Morbidity and mortality in ESRD patients on dialysis. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases & Transplantation 2002;13(4):473-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Ansell 2009 {published data only}
    1. Ansell D, Roderick P, Hodsman A, Ford D, Steenkamp R, Tomson C. UK Renal Registry 11th Annual Report (December 2008): Chapter 7 Survival and causes of death of UK adult patients on renal replacement therapy in 2007: national and centre-specific analyses. Nephron 2009;111 Suppl 1:c113-39. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Ansell 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ansell D, Roderick P, Steenkamp R, Tomson CR. UK Renal Registry 12th Annual Report (December 2009): chapter 7: survival and causes of death of UK adult patients on renal replacement therapy in 2008: national and centre-specific analyses. Nephron 2010;115 Suppl 1:c117-44. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Antoun 2023 {published data only}
    1. Antoun J, Brown DJ, Jones DJ, Clarkson BG, Shepherd AI, Sangala NC, et al. Exploring patients' experiences of the impact of dialysis therapies on quality of life and wellbeing. Journal of Renal Care 2023;49(1):15-23. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Ashman 2003 {published data only}
    1. Ashman N, Macey MG, Fan SL, Azam U, Yaqoob MM. Increased platelet-monocyte aggregates and cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal failure patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2003;18(10):2088-96. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Asmis 2008 {published data only}
    1. Asmis LM, Segal JB, Plantinga LC, Fink NE, Kerman JS, Kickler TS, et al. Heparin-induced antibodies and cardiovascular risk in patients on dialysis. Thrombosis & Haemostasis 2008;100(3):498-504. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Atalay 2002 {published data only}
    1. Atalay S, Ekim M, Tutar HE, Kocak G, Bakkaloglu S, Tumer N. Systolic and diastolic function in children with chronic renal failure. Pediatrics International 2002;44(1):18-23. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Back 2017 {published data only}
    1. Back C, Hornum M, Moller CJH, Olsen PS. Cardiac surgery in patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal 2017;56(1):334-8. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Bakewell 2001 {published data only}
    1. Bakewell AB, Higgins RM, Edmunds ME. Does ethnicity influence perceived quality of life of patients on dialysis and following renal transplant? Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2017;16(7):1395-401. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Barata 2015 {published data only}
    1. Barata NE. Dyadic relationship and quality of life patients with chronic kidney disease. Jornal Brasileiro de Nefrologia 2015;37(3):315-22. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Bargnoux 2020 {published data only}
    1. Bargnoux AS, Buthiau D, Morena M, Rodriguez A, Noguera-Gonzalez ME, Gilbert O, et al. Estimation of residual renal function using beta-trace protein: Impact of dialysis procedures. Artificial Organs 2020;44(6):647-54. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Barrah 2021 {published data only}
    1. Barrah S, Kheder RE, Jebali H, Krid M, Smaoui W, Beji S, et al. Comparison of changes in pulse wave velocity in patients on peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases & Transplantation 2021;32(2):336-340. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Basok 2009 {published data only}
    1. Basok EK, Atsu N, Rifaioglu MM, Kantarci G, Yildirim A, Tokuc R. Assessment of female sexual function and quality of life in predialysis, peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and renal transplant patients. International Urology & Nephrology 2009;41(3):473-81. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Beanes 2000 {published data only}
    1. Beanes SR, Kling KM, Fonkalsrud EW, Torres M, Salusky IB, Quinones-Baldrich WJ, et al. Surgical aspects of dialysis in newborns and infants weighing less than ten kilograms. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2000;35(11):1543-8. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Beaumier 2020 {published data only}
    1. Beaumier M, Bechade C, Dejardin O, Lassalle M, Vigneau C, Longlune N, et al. Is self-care dialysis associated with social deprivation in a universal health care system? A cohort study with data from the Renal Epidemiology and Information Network Registry. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2020;35(5):861-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Bohlke 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bohlke M, Nunes DL, Marini SS, Kitamura C, Andrade M, Von-Gysel MP. Predictors of quality of life among patients on dialysis in southern Brazil. Sao Paulo Medical Journal [Revista Paulista de Medicina] 2008;126(5):252-6. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Borazan 2004 {published data only}
    1. Borazan A, Ustun H, Ustundag Y, Aydemir S, Bayraktaroglu T, Sert M, et al. The effects of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis on serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and C-reactive-protein levels. Mediators of Inflammation 2004;13(3):201-4. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Caliskan 2009 {published data only}
    1. Caliskan Y, Yazici H, Gorgulu N, Yelken B, Emre T, Turkmen A, et al. Effect of pre-transplant dialysis modality on kidney transplantation outcome. Peritoneal Dialysis International 2009;29 Suppl 2:S117-22. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Chavers 2015 {published data only}
    1. Chavers BM, Molony JT, Solid CA, Rheault MN, Collins AJ. One-year mortality rates in US children with end-stage renal disease. American Journal of Nephrology 2015;41(2):121-8. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Chen 2018 {published data only}
    1. Chen T, Hassan HC, Qian P, Vu M, Makris A. High-sensitivity troponin T and C-reactive protein have different prognostic values in hemo- and peritoneal dialysis populations: a cohort study. Journal of the American Heart Association 2018;7(5):e007876. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Chilcot 2011 {published data only}
    1. Chilcot J, Davenport A, Wellsted D, Firth J, Farrington K. An association between depressive symptoms and survival in incident dialysis patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2011;26(5):1628-34. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Chou 2010 {published data only}
    1. Chou CY, Wang IK, Liu JH, Lin HH, Wang SM, Huang CC. Comparing survival between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis treatment in ESRD patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. 2010 Peritoneal Dialysis International;30(1):86-90. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Chung 2011 {published data only}
    1. Chung BH, Lee JY, Kang SH, Sun IO, Choi SR, Park HS, et al. Comparison of patient outcome according to renal replacement modality after renal allograft failure. Renal Failure 2011;33(3):261-8. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Czyzewski 2014 {published data only}
    1. Czyzewski L, Sanko-Resmer J, Wyzgal J, Kurowski A. Assessment of health-related quality of life of patients after kidney transplantation in comparison with hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Annals of Transplantation 2014;19:576-85. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Da Silva‐Gane 2012 {published data only}
    1. Da Silva-Gane M, Wellsted D, Greenshields H, Norton S, Chandna SM, Farrington K. Quality of life and survival in patients with advanced kidney failure managed conservatively or by dialysis. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN 2012;7(12):2002-9. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
de Jonge 2006 {published data only}
    1. Jonge H, Bammens B, Lemahieu W, Maes BD, Vanrenterghem Y. Comparison of peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis after renal transplant failure. Transplantation Proceedings 2006;45(8):1669-74. [PMID: ] - PubMed
de Wit 2002 {published data only}
    1. Wit GA, Merkus MP, Krediet RT, Charro FT. Health profiles and health preferences of dialysis patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002;17(1):86-92. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Dipalma 2016 {published data only}
    1. Dipalma T, Fernandez-Ruiz M, Praga M, Polanco N, Gonzalez E, Gutierrez-Solis E, et al. Pre-transplant dialysis modality does not influence short- or long-term outcome in kidney transplant recipients: analysis of paired kidneys from the same deceased donor. Clinical Transplantation 2016;30(9):1097-107. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Donate 2002 {published data only}
    1. Donate T, Herreros A, Martinez E, Martinez J, Andres E, Cabezas A, et al. Protein oxidative stress in dialysis patients. Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis 2002;18:15-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Dozio 2018 {published data only}
    1. Dozio E, Ambrogi F, Cal M, Vianello E, Ronco C, Corsi Romanelli MM. Role of the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) as a prognostic factor for mortality in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. Mediators of Inflammation 2018;2018:1347432. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Eiselt 2010 {published data only}
    1. Eiselt J, Rajdl D, Racek J, Siroka R, Trefil L, Opatrna S. Asymmetric dimethylarginine in hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, and peritoneal dialysis. Artificial Organs 2010;34(5):420-5. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Evenepoel 2016 {published data only}
    1. Evenepoel P, Meijers BKI, Bammens B, Viaene L, Claes K, Sprangers B, et al. Phosphorus metabolism in peritoneal dialysis- and haemodialysis-treated patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2016;31(9):1508-14. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Fassett 2009 {published data only}
    1. Fassett RG, Driver R, Healy H, Ranganathan D, Ratanjee S, Robertson IK, et al. Comparison of markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and arterial stiffness between incident hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients--an observational study. BMC Nephrology 2009;10:8. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Fernandes 2023 {published data only}
    1. Fernandes A, Matias P, Branco P. Incremental peritoneal dialysis: Is it better for preservation of residual kidney function and clinical outcomes? Clinical Nephrology 2023;99(1):11-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Fernandez Lucas 2007 {published data only}
    1. Fernandez Lucas M, Teruel JL, Zamora J, Lopez Mateos M, Rivera M, Ortuno J. A Mediterranean age-comorbidity prognostic index for survival in dialysis populations. Journal of Nephrology 2007;20(6):696-702. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Ferreira 2020 {published data only}
    1. Ferreira ES, Moreira TR, da Silva RG, da Costa GD, da Silva LS, Cavalier SB, et al. Survival and analysis of predictors of mortality in patients undergoing replacement renal therapy: a 20-year cohort. BMC Nephrology 2020;21(1):502. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Fischer 2016 {published data only}
    1. Fischer MJ, Stroupe KT, Kaufman JS, O'Hare AM, Browning MM, Sohn MW, et al. Predialysis nephrology care and dialysis-related health outcomes among older adults initiating dialysis. BMC Nephrology 2016;17(1):103. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Fishbane 2022 {published data only}
    1. Fishbane S, Pollock CA, El-Shahawy M, Escudero ET, Rastogi A, Van BP, et al. Roxadustat versus epoetin alfa for treating anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease on dialysis: results from the randomized phase 3 ROCKIES study. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2022;33(4):850-66. [MEDLINE: ] - PMC - PubMed
Foley 2004 {published data only}
    1. Foley RN, Guo H, Snyder JJ, Gilbertson DT, Collins AJ. Septicemia in the United States dialysis population, 1991 to 1999. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 2004;15(4):1038-45. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Gama‐Axelsson 2013 {published data only}
    1. Gama-Axelsson T, Lindholm B, Barany P, Heimburger O, Stenvinkel P, Qureshi AR. Self-rated appetite as a predictor of mortality in patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease. Journal of Renal Nutrition 2013;23(2):106-13. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Glanton 2003 {published data only}
    1. Glanton CW, Hypolite IO, Hshieh PB, Agodoa LY, Yuan CH, Abbott KC. Factors associated with improved short term survival in obese end stage renal disease patients. Annals of Epidemiology 2003;13(2):136-43. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Gouveia 2017 {published data only}
    1. Gouveia DS, Bignelli AT, Hokazono SR, Danucalov I, Siemens TA, Meyer F, et al. Analysis of economic impact between the modality of renal replacement therapy. Jornal Brasileiro de Nefrologia 2017;39(2):162-71. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Griffith 2003 {published data only}
    1. Griffith TF, Chua BS, Allen AS, Klassen PS, Reddan DN, Szczech LA. Characteristics of treated hypertension in incident hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2003;42(6):1260-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Gruppen 2003 {published data only}
    1. Gruppen MP, Groothoff JW, Prins M, Wouw P, Offringa M, Bos WJ, et al. Cardiac disease in young adult patients with end-stage renal disease since childhood: a Dutch cohort study. Kidney International 2003;63(3):1058-65. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Guerrero Riscos 2019 {published data only}
    1. Guerrero Riscos MA, Toro Prieto FJ, Batalha Caetano P, Salgueira Lazo M, Gonzalez Cabrera F, Marrero Robayna S, et al. Advanced chronic renal failure (ACRF) study. Baseline characteristics, evaluation of the application of the structured information for the election of renal replacement therapy and one-year evolution of the incident patients in the ACRF medical office [Estudio ERCA. Caracteristicas basales, evaluacion de la aplicacion de la informacion estructurada para la eleccion de tratamiento renal sustitutivo y evolucion a un ano de los pacientes incidentes en la consulta ERCA]. Nefrologia 2019;39(6):629-37. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Guo 2008 {published data only}
    1. Guo H, Liu J, Collins AJ, Foley RN. Pneumonia in incident dialysis patients--the United States Renal Data System. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2008;23(2):680-6. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Haller 2011 {published data only}
    1. Haller M, Gutjahr G, Kramar R, Harnoncourt F, Oberbauer R. Cost-effectiveness analysis of renal replacement therapy in Austria. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2011;26(9):2988-95. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Harris 2002 {published data only}
    1. Harris SA, Lamping DL, Brown EA, Constantinovici N. Clinical outcomes and quality of life in elderly patients on peritoneal dialysis versus hemodialysis. Peritoneal Dialysis International 2002;22(4):463-70. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Haynes 2012 {published data only}
    1. Haynes R, Kheradmand F, Winearls CG. Survival after starting renal replacement treatment in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a single-centre 40-year study. Nephron 2012;120(1):c42-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Hong 2014 {published data only}
    1. Hong CS, Chung KM, Huang PC, Wang JJ, Yang CM, Chu CC, et al. Epidemiology and mortality of liver abscess in end-stage renal disease dialysis patients: Taiwan national cohort study. PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource] 2014;9(2):e88078. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Iacovides 2002 {published data only}
    1. Iacovides A, Fountoulakis KN, Balaskas E, Manika A, Markopoulou M, Kaprinis G, et al. Relationship of age and psychosocial factors with biological ratings in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis. Aging-Clinical & Experimental Research 2002;14(5):354-60. [PMID: ] - PubMed
IDEAL‐Dialysis 2004 {published data only}
    1. Brunkhorst R. Early versus late initiation of dialysis. New England Journal of Medicine 2010;363(24):2368-70. [MEDLINE: ] - PubMed
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    1. Cooper BA, Branley P, Bulfone L, Collins JF, Craig JC, Dempster J, et al. The initiating dialysis early and late (IDEAL) study: study rationale and design. Peritoneal Dialysis International 2004;24(2):176-81. [MEDLINE: ] - PubMed
Iseri 2020 {published data only}
    1. Iseri K, Carrero JJ, Evans M, Fellander-Tsai L, Berg H, Runesson B, et al. Major fractures after initiation of dialysis: Incidence, predictors and association with mortality. Bone 2020;133:115242. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Ishani 2005 {published data only}
    1. Ishani A, Collins AJ, Herzog CA, Foley RN. Septicemia, access and cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients: the USRDS Wave 2 study. 2005 Kidney International;68(1):311-8. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Jain 2009 {published data only}
    1. Jain P, Cockwell P, Little J, Ferring M, Nicholas J, Richards N, et al. Survival and transplantation in end-stage renal disease: a prospective study of a multiethnic population. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2009;24(12):3840-6. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Jain 2022 {published data only}
    1. Jain N, Martin BC, Dai J, Phadnis MA, Al-Hindi L, Shireman TI, et al. Age modifies intracranial and gastrointestinal bleeding risk from P2Y12 Inhibitors in patients receiving dialysis. Kidney360 2022;3(8):1374-83. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Jeon 2019 {published data only}
    1. Jeon HJ, Bae HJ, Ham YR, Choi DE, Na KR, Ahn MS, et al. Outcomes of end-stage renal disease patients on the waiting list for deceased donor kidney transplantation: a single-center study. Kidney Research & Clinical Practice 2019;38(1):116-23. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Jhamb 2009 {published data only}
    1. Jhamb M, Argyropoulos C, Steel JL, Plantinga L, Wu AW, Fink NE, et al. Correlates and outcomes of fatigue among incident dialysis patients. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN 2009;4(11):1779-86. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Johansen 2004 {published data only}
    1. Johansen KL, Young B, Kaysen GA, Chertow GM. Association of body size with outcomes among patients beginning dialysis. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2004;80(2):324-32. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Jung 2022 {published data only}
    1. Jung HY, Jeon Y, Kim YS, Kang SW, Yang CW, Kim NH, et al. Sex disparities in mortality among patients with kidney failure receiving dialysis. Scientific Reports 2022;12(1):18555. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Kayalar 2016 {published data only}
    1. Kayalar AO, Basturk T, Koc Y, Yilmaz F, Caglayan FB, Sakaci T, et al. Comparison of long-term complications in patients on haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis longer than 10 years. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research JCDR 2016;10(2):OC05-8. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Kim 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kim HG, Song SW, Kim TY, Kim YO. Risk factors for progression of aortic arch calcification in patients on maintenance hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis International 2011;15(4):460-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Kramer 2012 {published data only}
    1. Kramer A, Jager KJ, Fogarty DG, Ravani P, Finne P, Perez-Panades J, et al. Association between pre-transplant dialysis modality and patient and graft survival after kidney transplantation. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2012;27(12):4473-80. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Kubo 2022 {published data only}
    1. Kubo S, Noda T, Myojin T, Nishioka Y, Kanno S, Higashino T, et al. Tracing all patients who received insured dialysis treatment in Japan and the present situation of their number of deaths. Clinical & Experimental Nephrology 2022;26(4):360-7. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Kutner 2000 {published data only}
    1. Kutner NG, Zhang R, McClellan WM. Patient-reported quality of life early in dialysis treatment: effects associated with usual exercise activity. 2000 Nephrology Nursing Journal: Journal of the American Nephrology Nurses' Association;27(4):357-67. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Li 2014 {published data only}
    1. Li J, Cheng SB, Zhou YL. Clinical effects of hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis in end-stage renal disease patients with advanced cirrhosis. World Chinese Journal of Digestology 2014;22(7):1010‐4. [EMBASE: 372601410]
Li 2023 {published data only}
    1. Li X, Shi B, Chen X, Duan J, Liu X, Zhang R, et al. Fragmented QRS complex on a 12-lead electrocardiogram predicts cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in dialysis patients. Seminars in Dialysis 2023;36(1):43-52. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Liu 2004 {published data only}
    1. Liu Y, Coresh J, Eustace JA, Longenecker JC, Jaar B, Fink NE, et al. Association between cholesterol level and mortality in dialysis patients: role of inflammation and malnutrition. JAMA 2004;291(4):451-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Lobbedez 2009 {published data only}
    1. Lobbedez T, Cousin M, Hurault de Ligny B, Ficheux M, El Haggan W, Ryckelynck JP. Failed transplant patients: dialysis initiation and short-term outcome [Dialyse apres echec de transplantation. Conditions de prise en charge initiale et evolution a court terme]. Nephrologie & Therapeutique 2009;5(3):188-92. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Lopez‐Oliva 2014 {published data only}
    1. Lopez-Oliva MO, Rivas B, Perez-Fernandez E, Ossorio M, Ros S, Chica C, et al. Pretransplant peritoneal dialysis relative to hemodialysis improves long-term survival of kidney transplant patients: a single-center observational study. International Urology & Nephrology 2014;46(4):825-32. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Lv 2017 {published data only}
    1. Lv W. Estimated glomerular filtration rate at initiation of dialysis is related to 1 year all-cause mortality and survival in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis in maintenance dialysis patients [abstract]. Hemodialysis International 2017;21(1):A22. [EMBASE: 614510815]
Madziarska 2013 {published data only}
    1. Madziarska K, Weyde W, Penar J, Zukowska-Szczechowska E, Krajewska M, Golebiowski T, et al. Different mortality predictor pattern in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis diabetic patients in 4-year prospective observation. Postepy Higieny i Medycyny do Swiadczalnej (Online) 2013;67:1076-82. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Maglakelidze 2011 {published data only}
    1. Maglakelidze N, Pantsulaia T, Tchokhonelidze I, Managadze L, Chkhotua A. Assessment of health-related quality of life in renal transplant recipients and dialysis patients. Transplantation Proceedings 2011;43(1):376-9. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Malyszko 2009 {published data only}
    1. Malyszko J, Chlebinska I, Zbroch E, Mysliwiec M. Inadequate blood pressure control in the population of hemodialyzed and peritoneally dialyzed patients [abstract]. Hemodialysis International 2009;13(1):115. [EMBASE: 70199151]
Masson 2016 {published data only}
    1. Masson P, Kotwal S, Kelly PJ, Craig JC, Lindley RI, Gallagher M, et al. Risk factors for stroke in people with end-stage kidney disease: a cohort study. Cerebrovascular Diseases 2016;42(5-6):428-38. [PMID: ] - PubMed
McGill 2020 {published data only}
    1. McGill RL, Bragg-Gresham JL, He K, Lacson EK Jr, Miskulin DC, Saran R. Chronic disease burdens of incident U.S. dialysis patients, 1996 - 2015. Clinical Nephrology 2020;93(1):1-8. [PMID: ] - PubMed
McNoe 2019 {published data only}
    1. McNoe B, Schollum JB, Derrett S, Marshall MR, Henderson A, Samaranayaka A, et al. Recruitment and participant baseline characteristics in the dialysis outcomes in those aged 65 years or older study. BMC Nephrology 2019;20(1):137. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Merkus 2000 {published data only}
    1. Merkus MP, Jager KJ, Dekker FW, Haan RJ, Boeschoten EW, Krediet RT. Predictors of poor outcome in chronic dialysis patients: The Netherlands Cooperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis. The NECOSAD Study Group. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2000;35(1):69-79. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Mesquita 2013 {published data only}
    1. Mesquita M, Guillaume MP, Standaert M, Rossez N, Vereerstraeten P, Dratwa M. Prognosis of HIV infected sub-Saharan patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) in Brussels, Belgium: a single centre retrospective pilot study and review of the literature. Acta Clinica Belgica 2013;68(2):92-6. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Metcalfe 2000 {published data only}
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Mircescu 2004 {published data only}
    1. Mircescu G, Capsa D, Covic M, Caprioara MG, Gluhovschi G, Golea O, et al. Nephrology and renal replacement therapy in Romania--transition still continues (Cinderella story revisited). Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2004;19(12):2971-80. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Miskulin 2003 {published data only}
    1. Miskulin DC, Meyer KB, Martin AA, Fink NE, Coresh J, Powe NR, et al. Comorbidity and its change predict survival in incident dialysis patients. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2003;41(1):149-61. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Modi 2019 {published data only}
    1. Modi ZJ, Lu Y, Ji N, Kapke A, Selewski DT, Dietrich X, et al. Risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in young adults with end-stage renal disease: an analysis of the US Renal Data System. JAMA Cardiology 2019;4(4):353-62. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Moore 2022 {published data only}
    1. Moore C, Santhakumaran S, Martin GP, Wilkinson TJ, Caskey FJ, Magadi W, et al. Symptom clusters in chronic kidney disease and their association with people's ability to perform usual activities. PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource] 2022;17(3):e0264312. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Muehrer 2011 {published data only}
    1. Muehrer RJ, Schatell D, Witten B, Gangnon R, Becker BN, Hofmann RM. Factors affecting employment at initiation of dialysis. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN 2011;6(3):489-96. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Murashima 2023 {published data only}
    1. Murashima M, Hamano T, Abe M, Masakane I. Comparable outcomes between a combination of peritoneal dialysis with once-weekly hemodialysis and thrice-weekly hemodialysis: a prospective cohort study [abstract]. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2023;25:25. [EMBASE: 640138883] - PubMed
Nadort 2022 {published data only}
    1. Nadort E, Schouten RW, Luijkx X, Shaw PK, Ittersum FJ, Smets YF, et al. Symptom dimensions of anxiety and depression in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis compared to haemodialysis. Peritoneal Dialysis International 2022;42(3):259-69. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Nassir 2009 {published data only}
    1. Nassir A. Sexual function in male patients undergoing treatment for renal failure: a prospective view. Journal of Sexual Medicine 2009;6(12):3407-14. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Neumann 2017 {published data only}
    1. Neumann D, Robinski M, Mau W, Girndt M. Cognitive testing in patients with CKD: the problem of missing cases. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: CJASN 2017;12(3):391-8. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Neumann 2018 {published data only}
    1. Neumann D, Lamprecht J, Robinski M, Mau W, Girndt M. Social relationships and their impact on health-related outcomes in peritoneal versus haemodialysis patients: a prospective cohort study. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2018;33(7):1235-44. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Nitoi 2016 {published data only}
    1. Nitoi LC, Aspazia Stefan A, Ionita C, Andrei C, Vulpoi C. The impact of socioeconomic status and nutritional biochemical markers on quality of life of chronic dialysis patients? Revista medico-chirurgicala a Societatii de Medici si Naturalisti din Iasi 2016;120(4):812-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Ortiz 2014 {published data only}
    1. Ortiz F, Aronen P, Koskinen PK, Malmstrom RK, Finne P, Honkanen EO, et al. Health-related quality of life after kidney transplantation: who benefits the most? Transplant International 2014;27(11):1143-51. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Parapiboon 2022 {published data only}20181123002
    1. Parapiboon W, Sangsuk J, Nopsopon T, Pitsawong W, Tatiyanupanwong S, Kanjanabuch T, et al. Randomized study of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis versus urgent-start temporary hemodialysis in patients transitioning to kidney failure. KI Reports 2022;7(8):1866-77. - PMC - PubMed
Park 2015 {published data only}
    1. Park JI, Bae E, Kim YL, Kang SW, Yang CW, Kim NH, et al. Glycemic control and mortality in diabetic patients undergoing dialysis focusing on the effects of age and dialysis type: a prospective cohort study in Korea. PloS ONE [Electronic Resource] 2015;10(8):e0136085. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Pecoits‐Filho 2002 {published data only}
    1. Pecoits-Filho R, Barany P, Lindholm B, Heimburger O, Stenvinkel P. Interleukin-6 is an independent predictor of mortality in patients starting dialysis treatment. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2002;5(3):1684-8. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Pei 2019 {published data only}
    1. Pei M, Aguiar R, Pagels AA, Heimburger O, Stenvinkel P, Barany P, et al. Health-related quality of life as predictor of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients: an observational study. BMC Nephrology 2019;20(1):144. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Ponte 2020 {published data only}
    1. Ponte B, Pruijm M, Pasch A, Dufey-Teso A, Martin PY, Seigneux S. Dialysis initiation improves calcification propensity. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2020;35(3):495-502. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Rebollo Rubio 2017 {published data only}
    1. Rebollo Rubio A, Morales Asencio JM, Eugenia Pons Raventos M. Depression, anxiety and health-related quality of life amongst patients who are starting dialysis treatment. Journal of Renal Care 2017;43(2):73-82. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Ricka 2001 {published data only}
    1. Ricka R, Evers GC, Vanrenterghem Y. Self management promotes well-being in dialysis [Selbstpflegemanagement forderf Wohlbefinden bei dialysierten Patientlnnen]. Krankenpflege - Soins Infirmiers 2001;94(8):36. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Roderick 2009 {published data only}
    1. Roderick P, Byrne C, Casula A, Steenkamp R, Ansell D, Burden R, et al. Survival of patients from South Asian and Black populations starting renal replacement therapy in England and Wales. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2009;24(12):3774-82. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Rokhman 2023 {published data only}
    1. Rokhman MR, Wardhani Y, Partiningrum DL, Purwanto BD, Hidayati IR, Idha A, et al. Psychometric properties of kidney disease quality of life-36 (KDQOL-36) in dialysis patients in Indonesia. Quality of Life Research 2023;32(1):247-58. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Rouveure 2016 {published data only}
    1. Rouveure AC, Bonnefoy M, Laville M. Conservative treatment, hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis for elderly patients: the choice of treatment does not influence the survival [Traitement conservateur, hemodialyse ou dialyse peritoneale chez le sujet age: le choix du traitement ne modifie pas la survie]. Nephrologie & Thérapeutique 2016;12(1):32-7. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Rugiu 2011 {published data only}
    1. Rugiu C, Trubian A, Bernich P, Lupo A. Outcome and complications of renal transplantation in patients on different dialysis modalities [abstract]. Peritoneal Dialysis International 2011;31(Suppl 1):S22. [PMID: ]
Schwenger 2011 {published data only}
    1. Schwenger V, Dohler B, Morath C, Zeier M, Opelz G. The role of pretransplant dialysis modality on renal allograft outcome. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2011;26(11):3761-6. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Shdaifat 2022 {published data only}
    1. Shdaifat EA. Quality of life, depression, and anxiety in patients undergoing renal replacement therapies in Saudi Arabia. Thescientificworldjournal 2022;2022:7756586. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Singh 2022 {published data only}
    1. Singh AK, Blackorby A, Cizman B, Carroll K, Cobitz AR, Davies R, et al. Study design and baseline characteristics of patients on dialysis in the ASCEND-D trial. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2022;37(5):960-72. [MEDLINE: ] - PMC - PubMed
Song 2023 {published data only}
    1. Song XY, Zhou SJ, Zhang JL, Zhou T, Wang SY, Pang Q, et al. Serum irisin level is higher in peritoneal dialysis than in hemodialysis. International Urology & Nephrology 2023;55(5):1329-34. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Spithoven 2014 {published data only}
    1. Spithoven EM, Kramer A, Meijer E, Orskov B, Wanner C, Abad JM, et al. Renal replacement therapy for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in Europe: prevalence and survival--an analysis of data from the ERA-EDTA Registry. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2014;29(4):iv15-25. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Stack 2008 {published data only}
    1. Stack AG, Murthy B. Exercise and limitations in physical activity levels among new dialysis patients in the United States: an epidemiologic study. Annals of Epidemiology 2008;18(12):880-8. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Su 2022 {published data only}
    1. Su PC, Zheng CM, Chen CC, Chiu LY, Chang HY, Tsai MH, et al. Effect of dialysis modalities on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in end-stage kidney disease: a Taiwan Renal Registry Data System (TWRDS) 2005-2012 Study. Journal of Personalized Medicine 2022;12(10):1715. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Sun 2022 {published data only}
    1. Sun H, Zhuang Y, Gao L, Xu N, Xiong Y, Yuan M, et al. Impact of dialysis modality conversion on the health-related quality of life of peritoneal dialysis patients: a retrospective cohort study in China. PeerJ 2022;10:e12793. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Suttorp 2013 {published data only}
    1. Suttorp MM, Hoekstra T, Rotmans JI, Ott I, Mittelman M, Krediet RT, et al. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent resistance and mortality in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. BMC Nephrology 2013;14:200. [PMID: ] - PMC - PubMed
Suzuki 2003 {published data only}
    1. Suzuki T, Kanno Y, Nakamoto H, Okada H, Sugahara S, Suzuki H. Peritoneal dialysis versus hemodialysis: a five-year comparison of survival and effects on the cardiovascular system, erythropoiesis, and calcium metabolism. Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis 2003;19:148-54. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Thong 2007 {published data only}
    1. Thong MS, Kaptein AA, Krediet RT, Boeschoten EW, Dekker FW. Social support predicts survival in dialysis patients. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2007;22(3):845-50. [PMID: ] - PubMed
Tommel 2021 {published data only}
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Tommel 2023 {published data only}
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References to studies awaiting assessment

Arogundade 2005 {published data only}
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References to ongoing studies

NCT04197674 {published data only}
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References to other published versions of this review

Pei 2020
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Associated data