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Review
. 2024 Jun 6:11:1387576.
doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1387576. eCollection 2024.

The contribution of circadian clock to the biological processes

Beibei Luo #  1   2   3 , Jiangyuan Song #  1   2   3 , Jiaqi Zhang  1   2   3 , Jun Han  1   2   3 , Xin Zhou  1   2   3 , Lili Chen  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

The contribution of circadian clock to the biological processes

Beibei Luo et al. Front Mol Biosci. .

Abstract

All organisms have various circadian, behavioral, and physiological 24-h periodic rhythms, which are controlled by the circadian clock. The circadian clock controls various behavioral and physiological rhythms. In mammals, the primary circadian clock is present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. The rhythm of the circadian clock is controlled by the interaction between negative and positive feedback loops, consisting of crucial clock regulators (including Bmal1 and Clock), three cycles (mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3), and two cryptochromes (Cry1 and Cry2). The development of early mammalian embryos is an ordered and complex biological process that includes stages from fertilized eggs to blastocysts and undergoes important morphological changes, such as blastocyst formation, cell multiplication, and compaction. The circadian clock affects the onset and timing of embryonic development. The circadian clock affects many biological processes, including eating time, immune function, sleep, energy metabolism, and endocrinology, therefore, it is also crucial for overall health, growth and development after birth. This review summarized the effects of the circadian clock in the body's physiological activities. A new strategy is proposed for the prevention of malformations or diseases by regulating the circadian clock or changing circadian rhythms.

Keywords: biological processes; circadian clock; circadian rhythm; growth and development; metabolism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Circadian oscillators have been reported to guide early embryo division. Cytokines and growth factors secreted and expressed by the embryo itself may be influenced by circadian transcription factors, thereby exerting autocrine control over embryonic development and paracrine stimulation of endometrial tolerance.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
The influence of the circadian clock on various organs of the body.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Effect of the circadian clock on bone remodeling in adulthood in maintaining bone integrity and homeostasis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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