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. 2024 Jun 6:12:1408246.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1408246. eCollection 2024.

The role of antibiotic exposure and the effects of breastmilk and human milk feeding on the developing infant gut microbiome

Meredith Brockway  1   2
Affiliations

The role of antibiotic exposure and the effects of breastmilk and human milk feeding on the developing infant gut microbiome

Meredith Brockway. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life followed by complementary foods and sustained breastfeeding for at least 2 years, underscoring its pivotal role in reducing infant mortality and preventing various illnesses. This perspective delves into the intricate relationship between breastfeeding practices, early life antibiotic exposure, and infant gut microbiome development, highlighting their profound influence on child health outcomes. Antibiotics are extensively prescribed during pregnancy and childhood, disrupting the microbiome, and are related to increased risks of allergies, obesity, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Breastfeeding is a significant determinant of a healthier gut microbiome, characterized by higher levels of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and lower levels of potential pathogens. Despite widespread recognition of the benefits of breastfeeding, gaps persist in healthcare practices and support mechanisms, exacerbating challenges faced by breastfeeding families. This highlights the pressing need for comprehensive research encompassing breastfeeding behaviors, human milk intake, and their impact on infant health outcomes. Additionally, promoting awareness among healthcare providers and families regarding the detrimental effects of unnecessary formula supplementation could facilitate informed decision-making and bolster exclusive breastfeeding rates. Moreover, donor human milk (DHM) is a promising alternative to formula, potentially mitigating disruptions to the infant gut microbiome after antibiotic exposure. Overall, prioritizing breastfeeding support interventions and bridging research gaps are essential steps towards improving child health outcomes on a global scale.

Keywords: antibiotics; breastfeeding; donor human milk; early life exposure; human milk; microbiome.

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Conflict of interest statement

MB serves on the board of directors for the NorthernStar Mothers Milk Bank, for which she does not receive remuneration.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Biotic properties of human milk and formula based on mode of feeding.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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