Profile and risk factors in farmer injuries: a review based on Haddon matrix and 5 E's risk reduction strategy

Abstract

Farmers are considered a high-risk group for intentional and unintentional injuries. This review identified significant risk factors for agricultural injuries in farmers and explored injury prevention countermeasures based on the literature. Therefore, CiteSpace software was used to analyze the relevant literature in this field. Additionally, we identified both key risk factors and countermeasures using the Haddon matrix and the 5 E's risk reduction strategies conceptual framework, respectively. The risk factors were identified from four categories (host, agent, physical environment, and social environment) corresponding to three phases (pre-event, event, and post-event). Interventions of 5 E's risk reduction strategies including education, engineering, enforcement, economic, and emergency response have been proven effective in preventing injuries or reducing their severity. Our findings provide a comprehensive foundation and research direction for the study and prevention of injuries among farmers.

Keywords: 5’Es risk reduction strategies; Haddon matrix; agriculture; farmers; injury; risk factors.

Figure 1

The research process view.

Figure 2

Publication outputs and time trend.

Figure 3

Keyword co-occurrence view of risk factors in farmer injuries from 2003 to 2023. The nodes represent the keywords, and the more the frequency, the larger the nodes. The color and thickness in the inner circle of the node indicated the occurrence or cited frequency of different time periods. The nodes with centrality ≥0.1 were marked with purple circle.

Figure 4

The timeline visualization of the keywords cluster from 2003 to 2023. The nodes represent the keywords, and the more the frequency, the larger the nodes. The color and thickness in the inner square of the node indicated the occurrence or cited frequency of different time periods. The nodes with centrality ≥0.1 were marked with purple circle. Cluster label with different colors represent different clustering groups.