Applying Implementation Science in the Field of Transplant and Cellular Therapy

Abstract

Implementation science (IS) is a systematic way to approach the broader adoption of evidence-based practices and has as its goal to understand and address the gap between research and practice, ensuring that research findings are effectively translated into practice and policy to improve health outcomes and service. We describe the various facets of IS and their relevance to the field of hematopoietic cell transplantation and cellular therapy (HCT/CT) with an emphasis on health equity, community engagement, and systems approach. We also review the similarities and differences among clinical research, quality improvement, and IS. Additionally, we describe how the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research applies IS across various phases: dissemination, analyzing current practices, and developing implementation intervention strategies. This includes designing studies and evaluations, scaling up operations, and ensuring sustainability. Lastly, we discuss further applications of IS in HCT/CT including the application to prospective research studies, collaboration across the field, and standardization and adoption of best practices. The application of IS in HCT/CT is pivotal to bringing research benefits directly to all patients. Through partnership, open-mindedness, and a commitment to evidence-based practice, we can collectively ensure the greatest impact of research on improving patient outcomes following HCT/CT.

Keywords: Cell therapy; Clinical research; Evidence-based practice; Hematopoietic cell transplant; Implementation science; Outcomes; Quality improvement.

Figure 1.

Summary of unique and shared features among implementation science (IS), quality improvement (QI), and clinical research (CR). ^,,

Figure 2.

Flow chart of the complete Research Impact Process that repeats on a quarterly cadence reviewing research results relevant to the field of HCT/CT.

Figure 3.

The Transtheoretical Model of Change, illustrating the stages an individual goes through when modifying behavior. This model outlines a sequence of stages: precontemplation (not ready), contemplation (getting ready), preparation (ready), action, and maintenance. Each stage represents a different level of readiness to change, emphasizing that behavior change is a non-linear, progressive process.