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. 2024 May;17(5):988-993.
doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.988-993. Epub 2024 May 4.

Cytokine and immunoglobulin profiles of Arbor Acres broiler chickens at different stages of physiological development

Svyatoslav Lebedev  1 , Tatiana Kazakova  1 , Olga Marshinskaia  1
Affiliations

Cytokine and immunoglobulin profiles of Arbor Acres broiler chickens at different stages of physiological development

Svyatoslav Lebedev et al. Vet World. 2024 May.

Abstract

Background and aim: Modern scientific research focuses on a detailed study of the immune system, the mechanisms of immunosuppression, and the search for an effective means to restore disturbed immune homeostasis in farm animals. The present study examined the cytokine and immunoglobulin (Ig) profiles of healthy broiler chickens during physiological development.

Materials and methods: Arbor Acres broilers (n = 28) were used in the study to achieve this objective. The immune status of broiler chickens was assessed on 7, 14, 28, and 42 days of age, including serum levels of cytokines, Igs, and lysozyme by enzyme immunoassay.

Results: We observed a decrease in the efficiency of immune system functioning of birds with increasing age. The most pronounced immunological deficiency in the body of broiler chickens is noted at the age of 7-14 days, which is associated with immaturity of the immune system and is characterized by the fact that non-specific humoral and specific cellular defense factors are at a rather low level. The levels of lysozyme, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-10, and IgA in blood serum at this age were minimal; starting from 28 days of age, there is a specific humoral immune deficiency, which is compensated by strengthening of cellular defense factors. The serum level of IgY intensively decreases against the background of an increase of lysozyme, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10.

Conclusion: During postnatal ontogenesis, the immune system of broiler chickens undergoes dynamic changes that have an age direction and phase character. Changes in the immune system may affect immunocompetence, disease susceptibility, and, consequently, productivity.

Keywords: immunity; immunodeficiency; inflammation; poultry.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure-1
Figure-1
Dynamics of changes in the level of lysozyme in the blood serum of healthy broiler chickens depending on age, µg/mL.
Figure-2
Figure-2
Dynamics of changes in interleukin-2 level in blood serum of healthy broiler chickens depending on age, pg/mL.
Figure-3
Figure-3
Dynamics of changes in interleukin-10 level in blood serum of healthy broiler chickens depending on age, pg/mL.
Figure-4
Figure-4
Dynamics of changes in interleukin-4 level in blood serum of healthy broiler chickens depending on age, pg/mL.
Figure-5
Figure-5
Dynamics of changes in the level of interferon-gamma in blood serum healthy broiler chickens depending on age, pg/mL.
Figure-6
Figure-6
Dynamics of changes in immunoglobulin Y level in blood serum of healthy broiler chickens depending on age, µg/mL.
Figure-7
Figure-7
Dynamics of changes in immunoglobulin A level in blood serum of healthy broiler chickens depending on age, µg/mL.
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