Exploring botulinum toxin's impact on masseter hypertrophy: a randomized, triple-blinded clinical trial

Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness and functional adverse effects of a single and multiple injections of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) for masseter hypertrophy (MH). Twenty-six women complaining about lower third facial enlargement due to MH, received 75 U of BoNT-A (abobotulinum toxin) in each masseter muscles. After 3 months, patients were randomly assigned to receive a second treatment session of Saline Solution: (G1; n = 11) or BoNT-A: (G2; n = 12). Muscle thickness (ultrasound), electrical activity (electromyography; EMG), masticatory performance, and subjective perception of MH were evaluated. Follow-up was performed at 1, 3 and 6 months. Muscle thickness, EMG activity, and masticatory performance were analyzed using ANOVA two-way and Sidak test as post-hoc. Masticatory performance was analyzed by the Friedman's test and Mann-Whitney test. Regarding inter-groups comparisons, there was a significant decrease in the left masseter muscle thickness in the G2 group at the 6 month follow-up (p < 0.02). For EMG, significant differences were evident at the 6 month assessment, with higher masseter activity for G1 (p < 0.05). For masticatory performance, no significant differences were observed throughout the study (p > 0.05) and a higher improvement in subjective perception of MH was observed in the 1 month follow-up for G2 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, BoNT-A is effective for MH, however multiple injections cause functional adverse effects in masseter muscle.

Keywords: Botulinum toxin type A; Masseter hypertrophy; Masticatory performance; Muscle thickness.

Figure 1

CONSORT flow diagram.

Figure 2

Changes in muscle thickness (mm) during maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for each group in different time points. Intergroups differences: *p < 0.02 (left masseter).

Figure 3

Changes in root mean square scores (RMS μV) in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for each group in different time points. Intergroups differences: *p < 0.005 (left masseter); *p < 0.04 (right masseter). EMG electromyography.