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Review
. 2025 Jan;50(1):94-108.
doi: 10.1007/s00261-024-04216-9. Epub 2024 Jun 25.

Imaging cholangiocarcinoma: CT and MRI techniques

Andrea S Kierans  1 , James Costello  2 , Aliya Qayyum  2 , Bachir Taouli  3 , Sudhakar K Venkatesh  4 , Jeong Hee Yoon  5 , Maria A Bali  6 , Candice W Bolan  7 , Jeong Min Lee  5 , Robert M Marks  8 , Maria El Homsi  9 , Frank H Miller  10
Affiliations
Review

Imaging cholangiocarcinoma: CT and MRI techniques

Andrea S Kierans et al. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2025 Jan.

Abstract

Cross-sectional imaging plays a crucial role in the detection, diagnosis, staging, and resectability assessment of intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Despite this vital function, there is a lack of standardized CT and MRI protocol recommendations for imaging cholangiocarcinoma, with substantial differences in image acquisition across institutions and vendor platforms. In this review, we present standardized strategies for the optimal imaging assessment of cholangiocarcinoma including contrast media considerations, patient preparation recommendations, optimal contrast timing, and representative CT and MRI protocols with individual sequence optimization recommendations. Our recommendations are supported by expert opinion from members of the Society of Abdominal Radiology's Disease-Focused Panel (DFP) on Cholangiocarcinoma, encompassing a broad array of institutions and practice patterns.

Keywords: CT; Cholangiocarcinoma; MRI; Technique.

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