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Review
. 2024 May 22;46(6):5066-5084.
doi: 10.3390/cimb46060304.

Potential Application of MicroRNAs and Some Other Molecular Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease

Olga Paprzycka  1 , Jan Wieczorek  1 , Ilona Nowak  2 , Marcel Madej  1   2 , Barbara Strzalka-Mrozik  1
Affiliations
Review

Potential Application of MicroRNAs and Some Other Molecular Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease

Olga Paprzycka et al. Curr Issues Mol Biol. .

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the world's most common neurodegenerative disease, expected to affect up to one-third of the elderly population in the near future. Among the major challenges in combating AD are the inability to reverse the damage caused by the disease, expensive diagnostic tools, and the lack of specific markers for the early detection of AD. This paper highlights promising research directions for molecular markers in AD diagnosis, including the diagnostic potential of microRNAs. The latest molecular methods for diagnosing AD are discussed, with particular emphasis on diagnostic techniques prior to the appearance of full AD symptoms and markers detectable in human body fluids. A collection of recent studies demonstrates the promising potential of molecular methods in AD diagnosis, using miRNAs as biomarkers. Up- or downregulation in neurodegenerative diseases may not only provide a new diagnostic tool but also serve as a marker for differentiating neurodegenerative diseases. However, further research in this direction is needed.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; amyloid beta; biomarkers; genes; miRNA; molecular diagnostics; molecular mechanisms; neurodegeneration.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The role of the gut microbiota in Alzheimer’s disease [51]. The figure was partly generated using Servier Medical Art, provided by Servier and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 unported license.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mechanism of action of microRNAs in Alzheimer’s disease. The figure was partly generated using Servier Medical Art, provided by Servier and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 unported license.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Role of tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease. The figure was partly generated using Servier Medical Art, provided by Servier and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 unported license.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Alzheimer’s disease diagnostics methods and potential microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers. The figure was partly generated using Servier Medical Art, provided by Servier and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 unported license.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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