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. 2024 Jun 17;14(3):1149-1158.
doi: 10.3390/clinpract14030091.

Smoking and Hypertriglyceridemia Predict ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Kosovo Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Afrim Poniku  1   2 , Arlind Batalli  1   2 , Dua Shita  1 , Zarife Rexhaj  2 , Arlind Ferati  2 , Rita Leka  2 , Artan Bajraktari  2   3 , Genc Abdyli  1   2 , Edmond Haliti  1   2 , Pranvera Ibrahimi  2   3 , Rona Karahoda  4 , Shpend Elezi  2 , Faik Shatri  2 , Ibadete Bytyçi  2   3 , Michael Henein  3 , Gani Bajraktari  1   2   3
Affiliations

Smoking and Hypertriglyceridemia Predict ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Kosovo Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Afrim Poniku et al. Clin Pract. .

Abstract

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI), presented as ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI), is influenced by atherosclerosis risk factors.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the patterns of presentation of patients with acute MI in Kosovo.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the University Clinical Center of Kosovo, which included all patients hospitalized with acute MI over a period of 7 years.

Results: Among the 7353 patients admitted with acute MI (age 63 ± 12 years, 29% female), 59.4% had STEMI and 40.6% had NSTEMI. The patients with NSTEMI patients less (48.3% vs. 54%, p < 0.001), but more of them had diabetes (37.8% vs. 33.6%, p < 0.001), hypertension (69.6% vs. 63%, p < 0.001), frequently had a family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) (40% vs. 38%, p = 0.009), and had more females compared to the patients with STEMI (32% vs. 27%, p < 0.001). The patients with NSTEMI underwent less primary percutaneous interventions compared with the patients with STEMI (43.6% vs. 55.2%, p < 0.001). Smoking [1.277 (1.117-1.459), p ˂ 0.001] and high triglycerides [0.791 (0.714-0.878), p = 0.02] were independent predictors of STEMI.

Conclusions: In Kosovo, patients with STEMI are more common than those with NSTEMI, and they were mostly males and more likely to have diabetes, hypertension, and a family history of CAD compared to those with NSTEMI. Smoking and high triglycerides proved to be the strongest predictors of acute STEMI in Kosovo, thus highlighting the urgent need for optimum atherosclerosis risk control and education strategies.

Keywords: age; arterial hypertension; diabetes; gender; myocardial infarction; risk factors; smoking.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflicts of interest were reported by the authors.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Age distribution of sample in patients with STEMI and NSTEMI.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Age distribution of sample in male and female patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prevalence of STEMI and NSTEMI in patients with acute myocardial infarction in Kosovo, Finland, and Greece.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Age (A) and gender (B) differences and smoking (C), diabetes (D), and arterial hypertension (E) prevalence rates of patients with acute myocardial infarction between Kosovo, Finland, and Greece.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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