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Review
. 2024 Jun 11;14(6):327.
doi: 10.3390/metabo14060327.

Comprehensive Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: How Nutrition, Dietary Polyphenols, Physical Activity, and Lifestyle Modifications Address Diabesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Neurodegenerative Conditions

Giovanni Martemucci  1 , Mohamad Khalil  2 , Alessio Di Luca  3 , Hala Abdallah  2 , Angela Gabriella D'Alessandro  3
Affiliations
Review

Comprehensive Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: How Nutrition, Dietary Polyphenols, Physical Activity, and Lifestyle Modifications Address Diabesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Neurodegenerative Conditions

Giovanni Martemucci et al. Metabolites. .

Abstract

Several hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, low-to-medium systemic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, represent a pathological bridge between metabolic syndrome and diabesity, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to highlight some therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome involving integrative approaches to improve lifestyle and daily diet. The beneficial effects of foods containing antioxidant polyphenols, intestinal microbiota control, and physical activity were also considered. We comprehensively examined a large body of published articles involving basic, animal, and human studie, as well as recent guidelines. As a result, dietary polyphenols from natural plant-based antioxidants and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, along with physical exercise, are promising complementary therapies to delay or prevent the onset of metabolic syndrome and counteract diabesity and cardiovascular diseases, as well as to protect against neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive decline. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota reduces the risks associated with MS, improves diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and exerts neuroprotective action. Despite several studies, the estimation of dietary polyphenol intake is inconclusive and requires further evidence. Lifestyle interventions involving physical activity and reduced calorie intake can improve metabolic outcomes.

Keywords: diabesity; dietary polyphenols; metabolic syndrome; microbiota; physical activity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Main categories of natural phenolic compounds.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Beneficial effects of Mediterranean diet and phytochemicals in the prevention of metabolic syndrome and associated diseases.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Strategic approaches to prevent and treat Metabolic syndrome.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Beneficial effects of physical activity in the prevention of metabolic syndrome and associated diseases.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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