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. 2024 Jun 17;15(6):166.
doi: 10.3390/jfb15060166.

In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of the Mg-Ca-Zn Biodegradable Alloys

Bogdan Istrate  1 , Florina-Daniela Cojocaru  2 , Mădălina-Elena Henea  3 , Vera Balan  2 , Eusebiu-Viorel Șindilar  3 , Liliana Verestiuc  2 , Corneliu Munteanu  1   4 , Carmen Solcan  3
Affiliations

In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of the Mg-Ca-Zn Biodegradable Alloys

Bogdan Istrate et al. J Funct Biomater. .

Abstract

The objective of this work was to analyze the in vitro and in vivo tests of a novel Mg-based biodegradable alloy-Mg-0.5%Ca-with various amounts of Zn (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 wt.%). In terms of in vitro biocompatibility, MTT and Calcein-AM cell viability assays, performed on the MG-63 cell line through the extract method, revealed that all five alloy extracts are non-cytotoxic at an extraction ratio of 0.025 g alloy per mL of cell culture medium. In the in vivo histological analysis, Mg-0.5Ca-1.5Zn demonstrated exceptional potential for stimulating bone remodeling and showed excellent biocompatibility. It was observed that Mg-0.5Ca-0.5Zn, Mg-0.5Ca-1.5Zn, and Mg-0.5Ca-3Zn displayed good biocompatibility. Furthermore, the histological examination highlighted the differentiation of periosteal cells into chondrocytes and subsequent bone tissue replacement through endochondral ossification. This process highlighted the importance of the initial implant's integrity and the role of the periosteum. In summary, Mg-0.5Ca-1.5Zn stands out as a promising candidate for bone regeneration and osseointegration, supported by both in vitro and in vivo findings.

Keywords: Mg-Ca-Zn alloys; biocompatibility; in vitro analysis; in vivo tests.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Previous results obtained on the experimental Mg-Ca-Zn alloys. Adapted from Refs. [21,22,23].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Operative steps for the surgical method: (A) positioning of rats on the operating table in sternoabdominal position; (B) skin incision; (C) implantation of the alloy fragment in contact with the bone tissue; (D) the muscle layer was sutured in a continuous thread; (E)the skin was sutured in separate points.
Figure 3
Figure 3
MG-63 cell viability results at 1, 3, and 7 days of contact with different alloy extraction ratios.
Figure 4
Figure 4
MG-63 cells morphology in wells, incubated with extracts (0.025 g/mL): without staining, the upper side; and with Calcein-AM staining, the lower side: Mg-0.5Ca-0.5Zn (A,E); Mg-0.5Ca-1Zn (B,F); Mg-0.5Ca-1.5Zn (C,G); Mg-0.5Ca-2Zn (D,H) (scale bar 200 μm).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Histological aspects of periosteum and peri-implant bone tissue at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks in rats implanted with alloy 1–5. H&E stain ×400.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Reactivity of peri-implant connective tissue capsulae during the experiment. H&E stain ×400.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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