Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Jun 7;12(6):160.
doi: 10.3390/sports12060160.

Flow Training Program: Mindfulness, Decision Making, and Mental Well-Being of Young and Adult Elite Handball Athletes

Luis Martiny  1   2 , Gonçalo Dias  3   4   5   6   7 , José Pedro Ferreira  2   6 , Rodrigo Mendes  2 , Rui Mendes  3   4   5   6   7
Affiliations

Flow Training Program: Mindfulness, Decision Making, and Mental Well-Being of Young and Adult Elite Handball Athletes

Luis Martiny et al. Sports (Basel). .

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the effect of a flow training program based on mindfulness applied to young and adult elite handball athletes. A quantitative, quasi-experimental, descriptive data analysis approach was carried out. The sample included 105 athletes (51 female and 54 male). The athletes were divided into two groups: (i) experimental (n = 53) and (ii) control (n = 52). The results of the repeated ANOVA indicated that the experimental group achieved significant improvements compared to the control group in decision making (n2p = 0.086), mental well-being (n2p = 0.045), dispositional flow state (n2p = 0.103), non-judgment (n2p = 0.040), refocusing (n2p = 0.052), and mindful traits in daily life (n2p = 0.058). A Pearson analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between dispositional flow state and mindfulness in sport and mental well-being. The correlation analysis also showed an inverse correlation between decision making and sense of control and mindful traits in daily life. The findings revealed that the program can be effective in decision making, mental well-being, dispositional flow state, mindfulness in sport, and mindful traits in daily lives of athletes.

Keywords: awareness; non-judgment; perception; performance; psychology; refocusing; sports; tactical intelligence.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow training intervention program based on mindfulness.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Lange-Smith S., Cabot J., Coffee P., Gunnell k., Tod D. The efficacy of psychological skills training for enhancing performance in sport: A review of reviews. Int. J. Sport. Exerc. Psychol. 2023:1–18. doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2023.2168725. - DOI
    1. Park I., Jeon J. Psychological skills training for athletes in sports: Web of science bibliometric analysis. Healthcare. 2023;11:259. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11020259. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Castro-Sánchez M., Zurita-Ortega F., Chacón-Cuberos R., López-Gutiérrez C.J., Zafra-Santos E. Emotional Intelligence, Motivational Climate and Levels of Anxiety in Athletes from Different Categories of Sports: Analysis through Structural Equations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2018;15:894. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15050894. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ring C., Kavussanu M., Ali Al-yaaribi A.S., Tenenbaum G., Stanger N. Effects of Antisocial Behaviour on Opponent’s Anger, Attention, and Performance. J. Sports Sci. 2019;37:871–877. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1532061. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Csikszentmihalyi M. Flow and the Foundations of Positive Psychology: The Collected Works of Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Springer; Dordrecht, The Netherlands: 2014.

LinkOut - more resources