Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Jul;31(31):44068-44079.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34067-2. Epub 2024 Jun 26.

Theoretical insights, degradation, and sub-lethal toxicity of thiamethoxam to the planarian Girardia tigrina

Carlos Gravato  1   2 , Rone da Silva Barbosa  3 , Grasiele Soares Cavallini  4 , Állefe Barbosa Cruz  4 , Douglas Henrique Pereira  4 , Nelson Luis Gonçalves Dias de Souza  4 , Thayrine Dias Carlos  5 , Amadeu Mvm Soares  6 , Renato Almeida Sarmento  7
Affiliations

Theoretical insights, degradation, and sub-lethal toxicity of thiamethoxam to the planarian Girardia tigrina

Carlos Gravato et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Jul.

Abstract

Advanced oxidative processes, such as Photo-Fenton, transform organic contaminants due to the attack by radicals. In this context, the lethal and sub-lethal effects of the Cruiser® 350FS (CRZ) with the active ingredient thiamethoxam (TMX) were investigated using the planarian Girardia tigrina. Degradation of thiamethoxam by the Fenton process was also assessed by using theoretical studies and the efficiency of Solar-Fenton versus Fenton. The 48 h LC50 value of CRZ for planarians was 478.6 mg L-1. The regeneration of planarians was significantly affected for concentrations ≥ 17 mg·L-1 of TMX (24 h). The Solar-Fenton showed a high degradation percentage reaching ~70%. The theoretical model showed the atoms of the TMX molecule that will suffer attacks from the formed radicals. Current results open new perspectives concerning the treatment of TMX in the aquatic environment because the 70% degradation seems to be sufficient to reach concentrations that do not induce sub-lethal effects in planarians. Further studies should determine if the by-products generated might be toxic for planaria or other organisms.

Keywords: Neonicotinoid; Photo-Fenton; Planaria; Platyhelminthes; Theoretical models.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Addy-Orduna LM, Brodeur JC, Mateo R (2019) Oral acute toxicity of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin in eared doves: a contribution for the risk assessment of neonicotinoids in birds. Sci Total Environ 650:1216–1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.09.112 - DOI
    1. Ayed L, Asses N, Chammem N, Ben Othman N, Hamdi M (2017) Advanced oxidation process and biological treatments for table olive processing wastewaters: constraints and a novel approach to integrated recycling process: a review. Biodegradation 28:125–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-017-9782-0 - DOI
    1. Baird RB, Eaton AD, Rice EW, Bridgewater L (2017) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 23rd edn
    1. Banić ND, Šojić DV, Krstić JB, Abramović BF (2014) Photodegradation of neonicotinoid active ingredients and their commercial formulations in water by different advanced oxidation processes. Water Air Soil Pollut 225:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11270-014-1954-5/FIGURES/8 - DOI
    1. Barbosa RS, Rotili EA, Santos AMA, Ribeiro F, Dornelas ASP, Pereira DH, Gravato C (2022) Eco (toxicological) assessment of the Neonicotinoid Formulation Actara® using planarian Girardia tigrina as model organism. Pollutants 2(4):546–555. https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants2040035 - DOI

LinkOut - more resources