Dietary inflammatory index, mediating biomarkers and incident frailty in Chinese community-dwelling older adults

Abstract

Objectives: Diet can modulate systemic inflammation, while inflammation is a critical contributory factor of frailty. However, longitudinal data on the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and frailty are limited, and the intermediate mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between DII and incident frailty and the potential mediating roles of frailty-related biomarkers.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: The Mr. OS and Ms. OS (Hong Kong) study.

Participants: A total of 3,035 community-dwelling men and women aged above 65 years without frailty at baseline were included.

Measurements: DII scores were calculated using the locally validated food frequency questionnaire. Incident frailty at year four was defined using the Fried frailty phenotype. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between DII and frailty onset. Mediation analysis was used to explore the mediating roles of frailty-related biomarkers in the DII-frailty association.

Results: During four years of follow-up, 208 individuals developed frailty. Compared with the lowest tertile of DII, the highest tertile was associated with an increased risk of incident frailty (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.17-2.82; p = 0.008) after adjustment for relevant confounders. The DII-frailty association was significant in men but not in women. Furthermore, increasing serum homocysteine, decreasing serum folate, and reducing estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) mediated 11.6%, 7.1%, and 9.6 % of the total relation between DII and frailty onset, respectively.

Conclusion: In this cohort study, a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with a higher risk of frailty onset, mediated by homocysteine, folate, and renal function.

Keywords: Biomarker; Cohort study; Dietary inflammatory index; Frailty; Older adults.