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Review
. 2024 Oct;28(10):955-968.
doi: 10.1007/s10157-024-02525-3. Epub 2024 Jun 27.

Protective effects of pioglitazone in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI): focus on oxidative stress and inflammation

Maryam Golmohammadi  1 , Mehraveh Sadeghi Ivraghi  2 , Ekhlas Khammas Hasan  3 , Huldani Huldani  4 , Mohammad Yasin Zamanian  5   6   7 , Shiva Rouzbahani  8   9 , Yasser Fakri Mustafa  10 , Shaker Shanawa Al-Hasnawi  11 , Adeeb Abdulally Abdulhussien Alazbjee  12 , Faranak Khalajimoqim  13 , Fattaneh Khalaj  14
Affiliations
Review

Protective effects of pioglitazone in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI): focus on oxidative stress and inflammation

Maryam Golmohammadi et al. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2024 Oct.

Abstract

Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is a critical phenomenon that compromises renal function and is the most serious health concern related to acute kidney injury (AKI). Pioglitazone (Pio) is a known agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). PPAR-γ is a nuclear receptor that regulates genes involved in inflammation, metabolism, and cellular differentiation. Activation of PPAR-γ is associated with antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects, which are relevant to the pathophysiology of RIRI. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Pio in RIRI, focusing on oxidative stress and inflammation.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search using electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar.

Results: The results of this study demonstrated that Pio has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities that counteract the consequences of RIRI. The study also discussed the underlying mechanisms, including the modulation of various pathways such as TNF-α, NF-κB signaling systems, STAT3 pathway, KIM-1 and NGAL pathways, AMPK phosphorylation, and autophagy flux. Additionally, the study presented a summary of various animal studies that support the potential protective effects of Pio in RIRI.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Pio could protect the kidneys from RIRI by improving antioxidant capacity and decreasing inflammation. Therefore, these findings support the potential of Pio as a therapeutic strategy for preventing RIRI in different clinical conditions.

Keywords: Inflammation; Oxidative stress; Pioglitazone; Renal ischemia–reperfusion injury.

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References

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