Efficacy of adjunctive local periodontal treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with periodontitis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of different adjunctive local treatments combined with non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) to reduce pocket depth (PD), gain clinical attachment level (CAL), and/or reduce glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in individuals with both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontitis in a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Data sources: Publications were searched in Cochrane databases, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, opengrey.eu, and www.

Clinicaltrials: gov up to May 29, 2024 with no language restriction.

Study selection: Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Network meta-analysis utilized frequentist models.

Data: The network meta-analysis of 30 RCTs involving 1224 patients revealed that, in short-term (2-3 months) and medium-term (4-6 months), adjunctive local treatment involving statins or metformin significantly outperformed scaling and root planning (SRP) with/without additional interventions such as photodynamic and laser therapies (PDT/LT), phytotherapy, doxycycline, bisphosphonates, antibiotics, antiseptics, or placebo for reducing PD and/or gaining CAL. In the long-term (>6 months), statins yielded the most significant additional PD reduction and CAL gain, followed by antibiotics, compared to SRP with antiseptics or placebo. Only PDT/LT demonstrated significantly greater HbA1c reduction in the short term compared to SRP with/without statins, antiseptics, or placebo.

Conclusion: This study moderately supports that adding metformin or statins locally to NSPT may enhance PD reduction and CAL gain compared to SRP with/without placebo.

Clinical significance: Clinicians are guided to optimize adjunctive therapies, enhancing the health of patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis. A strategic approach is proposed to tackle systemic and oral health challenges simultaneously.

Keywords: Adjunctive periodontal treatment; Diabetes mellitus; Non-surgical periodontal therapy; Periodontitis.