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Review
. 2024 Nov;106(6):424-436.
doi: 10.1002/cyto.b.22195. Epub 2024 Jun 28.

European flow cytometry quality assurance guidelines for the diagnosis of primary immune deficiencies and assessment of immune reconstitution following B cell depletion therapies and transplantation

Peter Kelleher  1   2 , Louise Greathead  2 , Liam Whitby  3 , Bruno Brando  4 ; UK NEQAS Leucocyte Immunophenotyping Steering Committee; David Barnett  3 , David Bloxham  5 , Ruth deTute  6 , Alan Dunlop  7 , Timothy Farren  8   9 , Sebastian Francis  10 , Daniel Payne  11 , Stuart Scott  3 , John A Snowden  10 , Youssef Sorour  12 , Emma Stansfield  13 , Paul Virgo  14 , Alison Whitby  3
Affiliations
Free article
Review

European flow cytometry quality assurance guidelines for the diagnosis of primary immune deficiencies and assessment of immune reconstitution following B cell depletion therapies and transplantation

Peter Kelleher et al. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2024 Nov.
Free article

Abstract

Over the last 15 years activity of diagnostic flow cytometry services have evolved from monitoring of CD4 T cell subsets in HIV-1 infection to screening for primary and secondary immune deficiencies syndromes and assessment of immune constitution following B cell depleting therapy and transplantation. Changes in laboratory activity in high income countries have been driven by initiation of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-1 regardless of CD4 T cell counts, increasing recognition of primary immune deficiency syndromes and the wider application of B cell depleting therapy and transplantation in clinical practice. Laboratories should use their experience in standardization and quality assurance of CD4 T cell counting in HIV-1 infection to provide immune monitoring services to patients with primary and secondary immune deficiencies. Assessment of immune reconstitution post B cell depleting agents and transplantation can also draw on the expertise acquired by flow cytometry laboratories for detection of CD34 stem cell and assessment of MRD in hematological malignancies. This guideline provides recommendations for clinical laboratories on providing flow cytometry services in screening for immune deficiencies and its emerging role immune reconstitution after B cell targeting therapies and transplantation.

Keywords: B cell depleting therapy; flow cytometry; hematopoietic cell transplantation; immune reconstitution; primary immune deficiencies; solid organ transplantation.

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References

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