Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and sleep disorders in US adults: NHANES 2005 to 2016

Abstract

NHHR (non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio) is a novel lipid parameter. However, the association between NHHR and sleep disorders remains unknown.; A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005 to 2016. The association between NHHR and sleep disorders was explored using weighted multivariate logistic regression and generalized summation models. Subgroup analyses were employed to verify the robustness of this association. The prevalence of sleep disorders was 25.83% in a total of 22,221 participants. Compared to the lowest quartile of NHHR, participants in the top quartile had a 14% higher odds of sleep disorders prevalence in fully adjusted model (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06-1.23). After subgroup analyses and interaction tests, sex, race, marital status, education level, body mass index (BMI), person income ratio (PIR), alcohol consumption, smoking status, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were not significantly associated with this positive association (P for interaction > 0.05). The NHHR is positively associated with sleep disorders in US adults. The management and monitoring of NHHR may have a potential role in improving sleep disorders.

Figure 1.

Flowchart of the population included in our study. BMI = body mass index, NHHR = non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, PIR = person income ratio.

Figure 2.

The association between NHHR and sleep disturbances. The solid red line represents the smooth curve fit between the variables. NHHR = non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio.

Figure 3.

Subgroup analysis of association between NHHR and sleep disorders; BMI subgroup: BMI < 25; 25 ≤ BMI < 30; BMI ≥ 30; PIR subgroup: PIR < 1.3; 1.3 ≤ PIR < 3.5; PIR ≥ 3. BMI = body mass index, PIR = person income ratio.