JEH reports grants for a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship and a Wellcome Award for research on biological vulnerabilities to extreme heat in pregnancy. AW, KW, and RN report funding from the Wellcome Trust to The George Institute for the MESSAGE (Medical Science Sex and Gender Equity) project. RN is Chair of the Advisory Board of the Network of Excellence in Women's Health, Imperial College London. AW works for the MESSAGE project. EM reports grants from the National Institute for Health and Care Research for a COVID-19 rapid response grant and the Parasol Foundation for the Blood in Action study; royalties from Elsevier; consulting fees from Organon and Nabla Ltd; holds a patent for Bia, a wearable uterine contraction monitor; and is a Director of Lifecourse Health Ltd, a limited company for private obstetric and anaesthetic practice. DM declares no competing interests.