Exploring Unusual Cardiac Complications: Chorda Tendinea Rupture and Pulmonary Valve Vegetation in Infective Endocarditis-A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe infection of the endocardium, frequently involving heart valves, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. At the same time, traditional complications of IE, such as valvular dysfunction and embolic events, are well-documented, and uncommon cardiac manifestations, such as chorda tendinea rupture and pulmonary valve vegetation, present unique diagnostic and management challenges. This comprehensive review explores the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic strategies, and management approaches for IE's chorda tendinea rupture and pulmonary valve vegetation. Through a detailed examination of the literature and discussion of clinical scenarios, we highlight the importance of recognizing these rare complications and discuss the implications for clinical practice. Additionally, we identify knowledge gaps and propose areas for future research to enhance further our understanding and management of these unusual cardiac complications in IE. This review aims to provide clinicians with valuable insights to improve patient care and outcomes in the challenging setting of infective endocarditis.

Keywords: cardiac complications; chorda tendinea rupture; diagnosis; infective endocarditis; management; pulmonary valve vegetation.

Figure 1. Host factors for infective endocarditis