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. 2024 Jul 1;11(1):28.
doi: 10.1186/s40621-024-00514-4.

Development and implementation of an injury and illness surveillance system for team USA

Eric G Post  1   2 , Travis Anderson  3   4 , Olivia Samson  3   4 , Alexis D Gidley  3   4 , Ashley N Triplett  3   4 , Amber T Donaldson  3   4 , Jonathan T Finnoff  3   4   5 , William M Adams  3   4   6   7
Affiliations

Development and implementation of an injury and illness surveillance system for team USA

Eric G Post et al. Inj Epidemiol. .

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this report is to provide insight and details regarding the development and implementation of an injury and illness surveillance (IIS) system for the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee (USOPC).

Methods: The development and deployment of the IIS employed a multiphase approach. First, researchers determined variables to include in the IIS using the recommendations from the 2020 IOC consensus statement for reporting sport epidemiological data. Second, the hosting and deployment platforms were comprehensively evaluated for their suitability, ease of use, flexibility, and backend data structure (for both capture and aggregation). Third, focus groups consisting of the Sports Medicine department leadership and clinicians piloted the IIS system and revisions were made based on their feedback. Pilot testing of the IIS and follow-up focus groups were then conducted among all departmental clinicians to solicit additional feedback and drive further revisions. Finally, the IIS system was piloted among providers working during the 2023 Pan American and Parapan American Games to refine the system for future Games. After reviewing all potential software platform options (electronic medical record [EMR] system, athlete management systems, secure data collection platforms), Qualtrics (Qualtrics, Provo, UT, USA) was selected to host the IIS system. This choice was made due to the inability of the EMR and athlete-management systems to make frequent updates, modify existing questions, and provide the necessary form logic for the variety of scenarios in which the IIS system would be deployed. Feedback from the department's leadership and clinicians resulted in a number of changes, most notably being the ability to enter multiple diagnoses for a single injury event. Additionally, clinician feedback resulted in the creation of additional diagnostic codes not currently present in the OSIICS v14.0 diagnostic coding system, adding "non-sport" as an additional variable for injury setting, and developing a system for reporting return-to-sport date for time-loss injuries.

Discussion: A multi-stage process of extensive planning, stakeholder feedback, and ongoing updates is required in order to successfully develop and implement an IIS system within a National Olympic and Paralynpic Committee. This process can be used to inform the development and implementation of IIS systems in other sporting organizations.

Keywords: Elite sport; Epidemiology; Methods; Olympic; Paralympic.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram of branching logic required within the IIS system form
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Timeline of system development
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Flow chart of data management and quality assurance processes
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Example plots from monthly reports: A comparisons of injury counts per week between the previous month and the previous five months for mechanism, setting, and timing B time to return to sport following a time loss injury or illness
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
QR code linking to a non-active, but current (as of publication date) version of the USOPC IIS system form within Qualtrics
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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