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Review
. 2024 Jun 1;16(6):e61508.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.61508. eCollection 2024 Jun.

The Effect of Sleep Duration on Hypertension Risk in an Adult Asian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yusuf Aji S Nurrobi  1   2 , Kevin Winston  3 , Ivan Damara  4 , Andi L Rahman  5 , Moh F Falakhi  6 , Meutia P Aristya  7 , Ahmad F Toaha  8 , Iva N Larasaty  9
Affiliations
Review

The Effect of Sleep Duration on Hypertension Risk in an Adult Asian Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yusuf Aji S Nurrobi et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Sleep duration has been proposed as a potential and important modifiable risk factor, yet its precise relationship with hypertension among Asian adults remains unclear. This meta-analysis aims to elucidate the impact of short sleep duration on hypertension risk within the adult Asian population. A systematic search of databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect, was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to January 4, 2024. Eligible studies comprised observational cohort studies and cross-sectional studies that compared short sleep duration to normal sleep duration in relation to hypertension risk among Asian adults. The definitions for short and normal sleep durations were derived from the respective studies. The random effects model was utilized to pool effect estimates, and all statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4 software (RevMan) (Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). Results from a systematic search obtained seven studies assessing sleep duration and hypertension risk in Asian populations. Based on a meta-analysis of six studies, short sleep duration is associated with a higher hypertension risk when compared to normal sleep duration (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.13-1.64; p: 0.0010; I2: 75%). Subgroup analysis based on sex showed that the association is evident across males (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-1.25; p: 0.03; I2: 64%) and females (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.10-1.35; p: 0.0003; I2: 82%). In conclusion, based on the analyzed studies, short sleep duration is associated with a higher mild risk of hypertension, irrespective of sex. Thus, short sleep duration can be a modifiable risk factor that can be prevented to reduce the risk of hypertension. By incorporating sleep hygiene practices and promoting healthy sleep habits, significant improvement in cardiovascular health can be made, especially in hypertension risk at a population level. Further studies on the effect of sleep duration in different age populations should be conducted to confirm the impact of short sleep duration.

Keywords: adult; asian; hypertension; meta-analysis; sleep duration.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. PRISMA flowchart for study selection
PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Figure 2
Figure 2. Meta-analysis comparing short versus normal sleep duration and hypertension risk
Sources: [17-20,22,23]
Figure 3
Figure 3. Subgroup analysis based on sex
Sources: [17-23]
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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