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. 2023 Sep;57(3):241-249.
doi: 10.4314/gmj.v57i3.12.

Socio-demographic characteristics and dietary pattern of community-dwelling adults in Abia State, Nigeria

Patricia O Ukegbu  1 , Beulah Ortutu  1 , Uche P Chinaza  1 , Alice Ojwang  2
Affiliations

Socio-demographic characteristics and dietary pattern of community-dwelling adults in Abia State, Nigeria

Patricia O Ukegbu et al. Ghana Med J. 2023 Sep.

Abstract

Objective: Identification of dietary patterns and their association with socio-demographic factors.

Design: Community-based cross-sectional study design.

Setting: Urban and rural communities in Abia State, Nigeria.

Participants: Eight hundred and sixty-eight (868) male and female adults aged 20 to 59 years.

Methods: Identification of Dietary patterns (DP) by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on the consumption of 10 food groups, assessed using a 7-day qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses evaluated the association between identified patterns and socio-economic factors.

Results: Two dietary patterns 'traditional and convenience DPs were identified, explaining 52% of the total variance. The traditional DP was loaded with starchy staples, vegetable soups/sauces, and animal proteins. The convenience DP was characterised by high factor loading of processed cereals, carbonated drinks and alcoholic beverages. Larger households (>3) had lower odds of adhering to high traditional DP [AOR =0.633; 95% CI (0.429-0.934); p = 0.021]. Females [AOR =1.586; 95% CI (1.104-2.279); p = 0.013] and middle-aged adults (AOR = 1.750; 95% CI (1.075-2.848);p = 0.024] were more likely to adhere to the convenience DP, whereas, the odds of adhering to the convenience pattern was lower among adults residing in rural areas [AOR =0.3161.586; 95% CI (0.219-0.456); p = 0.001].

Conclusion: Socio-economic variables (age, gender, household size and place of residence) were associated with dietary patterns among community dwellers in Nigeria.

Funding: None declared.

Keywords: Dietary patterns; Food Frequency; Nigeria; PCA; adults.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest: None declared

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scree plot for identification of dietary patterns by principal component analysis
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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