. 2024 Jul 1;25(7):643-675.

doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000003480. Epub 2024 Jul 3.

Executive Summary: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE) Consensus Conference

Peta M A Alexander¹, Melania M Bembea², Katherine Cashen³, Ira M Cheifetz⁴, Heidi J Dalton⁵, Adam S Himebauch⁶, Oliver Karam^{7

8}, Katie M Moynihan^{1

9}, Marianne E Nellis¹⁰, Caroline Ozment¹¹, Lakshmi Raman¹², Natalie E Rintoul¹³, Ahmed S Said¹⁴, Arun Saini¹⁵, Marie E Steiner¹⁶, Ravi R Thiagarajan¹, Kevin Watt¹⁷, Ariane Willems¹⁸, Nicole D Zantek¹⁹, Ryan P Barbaro²⁰, Katherine Steffen²¹, Adam M Vogel²², Christopher Almond²³, Marc M Anders¹⁵, Gail M Annich²⁴, Leonardo R Brandão²⁵, Wayne Chandler²⁶, Megan Delaney^{27

28}, Robert DiGeronimo²⁹, Sitaram Emani³⁰, Samir K Gadepalli³¹, Alejandro V Garcia³², Bereketeab Haileselassie²¹, Robert Hyslop³³, Martin C J Kneyber³⁴, Lisa Baumann Kreuziger³⁵, Jennifer Le³⁶, Laura Loftis¹⁵, Ali B V McMichael^{12

37}, D Michael McMullan³⁸, Paul Monagle³⁹, Kathleen Nicol⁴⁰, Matthew L Paden⁴¹, Jason Patregnani⁴², John Priest⁴³, Leslie Raffini⁴⁴, Lindsay M Ryerson⁴⁵, Steven R Sloan^{46

47}, Jun Teruya⁴⁸, Andrew R Yates⁴⁹, Alison Gehred⁵⁰, Elizabeth Lyman⁵⁰, Jennifer A Muszynski⁵¹; Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE), in collaboration with the Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators (PALISI) Network, the Pediatric Critical Care Blood Research Network (BloodNet), and the Pediatric ECMO subgroup of PALISI and the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (PediECMO)

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
² Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
³ Department of Pediatrics, Duke Children's Hospital, Duke University, Durham, NC.
⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, INOVA Fairfax Medical Center, Falls Church, VA.
⁶ Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
⁷ Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Richmond, VA.
⁸ Division of Critical Care Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
⁹ Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
¹⁰ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell, New York, NY.
¹¹ Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University and Duke University Health System, Durham, NC.
¹² Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
¹³ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
¹⁴ Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
¹⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
¹⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Hematology and Critical Care, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
¹⁷ Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.
¹⁸ Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
¹⁹ Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
²⁰ Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
²¹ Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Critical Care Medicine), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.
²² Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
²³ Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
²⁴ Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
²⁵ Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
²⁶ Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA.
²⁷ Division of Pathology and Lab Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC.
²⁸ Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, The George Washington University Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
²⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
³⁰ Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
³¹ Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
³² Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
³³ Heart Institute, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO.
³⁴ Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
³⁵ Versiti Blood Research Institute and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
³⁶ Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
³⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ.
³⁸ Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA.
³⁹ University of Melbourne, and Kids Cancer Centre Sydney Children's Hospital, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
⁴⁰ Department of Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.
⁴¹ Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
⁴² Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Barbara Bush Children's Hospital, Portland, ME.
⁴³ Department of Respiratory Care, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston MA.
⁴⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
⁴⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
⁴⁶ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
⁴⁷ CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA.
⁴⁸ Division of Transfusion Medicine and Coagulation, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
⁴⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.
⁵⁰ Grant Morrow III MD Medical Library, Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, Columbus, OH.
⁵¹ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University of Medicine, Columbus, OH.

PMID: 38959353
PMCID: PMC11216385
DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000003480

Executive Summary: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE) Consensus Conference

Peta M A Alexander et al. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2024.

. 2024 Jul 1;25(7):643-675.

doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000003480. Epub 2024 Jul 3.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
² Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
³ Department of Pediatrics, Duke Children's Hospital, Duke University, Durham, NC.
⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics, INOVA Fairfax Medical Center, Falls Church, VA.
⁶ Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
⁷ Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU, Richmond, VA.
⁸ Division of Critical Care Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
⁹ Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
¹⁰ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell, New York, NY.
¹¹ Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University and Duke University Health System, Durham, NC.
¹² Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
¹³ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
¹⁴ Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
¹⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
¹⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Hematology and Critical Care, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
¹⁷ Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.
¹⁸ Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
¹⁹ Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
²⁰ Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
²¹ Department of Pediatrics (Pediatric Critical Care Medicine), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.
²² Departments of Surgery and Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
²³ Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
²⁴ Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
²⁵ Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
²⁶ Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA.
²⁷ Division of Pathology and Lab Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC.
²⁸ Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, The George Washington University Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
²⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
³⁰ Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
³¹ Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
³² Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
³³ Heart Institute, Children's Hospital of Colorado, Aurora, CO.
³⁴ Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Critical Care Medicine, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
³⁵ Versiti Blood Research Institute and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
³⁶ Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
³⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ.
³⁸ Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA.
³⁹ University of Melbourne, and Kids Cancer Centre Sydney Children's Hospital, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, and Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
⁴⁰ Department of Pathology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.
⁴¹ Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
⁴² Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Barbara Bush Children's Hospital, Portland, ME.
⁴³ Department of Respiratory Care, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston MA.
⁴⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
⁴⁵ Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
⁴⁶ Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
⁴⁷ CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA.
⁴⁸ Division of Transfusion Medicine and Coagulation, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
⁴⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.
⁵⁰ Grant Morrow III MD Medical Library, Nationwide Children's Hospital Columbus, Columbus, OH.
⁵¹ Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University of Medicine, Columbus, OH.

PMID: 38959353
PMCID: PMC11216385
DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000003480

Abstract

Objectives: To present recommendations and consensus statements with supporting literature for the clinical management of neonates and children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) from the Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE) consensus conference.

Data sources: Systematic review was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) databases from January 1988 to May 2021, followed by serial meetings of international, interprofessional experts in the management ECMO for critically ill children.

Study selection: The management of ECMO anticoagulation for critically ill children.

Data extraction: Within each of eight subgroup, two authors reviewed all citations independently, with a third independent reviewer resolving any conflicts.

Data synthesis: A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, from January 1988 to May 2021. Each panel developed evidence-based and, when evidence was insufficient, expert-based statements for the clinical management of anticoagulation for children supported with ECMO. These statements were reviewed and ratified by 48 PEACE experts. Consensus was obtained using the Research and Development/UCLA Appropriateness Method. Results were summarized using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method. We developed 23 recommendations, 52 expert consensus statements, and 16 good practice statements covering the management of ECMO anticoagulation in three broad categories: general care and monitoring; perioperative care; and nonprocedural bleeding or thrombosis. Gaps in knowledge and research priorities were identified, along with three research focused good practice statements.

Conclusions: The 91 statements focused on clinical care will form the basis for standardization and future clinical trials.

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Conflict of interest statement

Drs. Alexander’s and Muszynski’s institutions received funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Drs. Alexander, Bembea, Himebauch, Barbaro, and Muszynski received support for article research from the NIH. Drs. Alexander’s and Bembea’s institutions received funding from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO). Dr. Alexander’s institution received funding from Novartis (Prospective Trial to Assess the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Neprilysin Inhibitor LCZ696 Versus Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor for the Medical Treatment of Pediatric HF [PANORAMA-HF]). Dr. Alexander disclosed that she is Treasurer of the Board of Directors of ELSO, past Co-Chair of Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (Pedi-ECMO). Dr. Bembea’s institution received funding from the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke and a Grifols Investigator Sponsored Research Grant. Dr. Cheifetz received funding from UptoDate. Dr. Dalton received funding from Innovative Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Concepts, Medtronic, Entegrion, and Hemocue. Drs. Dalton, Ozment, Barbaro, Almond, Brandão, Baumann Kreuziger, Paden, and Ryerson disclosed the off-label product use of pediatric ECMO-related medications for anticoagulation. Dr. Himebauch’s institution received funding from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (K23HL153759). Drs. Karam’s and Nellis’s institutions received funding from the NHBLI (R34HL159119). Dr. Ozment received funding from Kaufman & Canoles, Social Cascade, and Wiseman Ashworth Law Group. Dr. Steiner’s institution received funding from the Department of Defense (DoD); she received funding from Medtronic and Octapharma; she disclosed that she is a Pumps for Kids, Infantsand Neonates (PumpKIN) trial Data Safety and Monitoring Board member. Dr. Alexander’s and Thiagarajan’s institution received funding from the DoD Clinical Trial Award for Trial of Indication-Based Transfusion of RBCs in ECMO trial (W81XWH2210301). Dr. Thiagarajan received funding from Society of Critical Care Medicine and ELSO. Dr. Zantek disclosed that she is a Board Member and Vice President of the North American Specialized Coagulation Laboratory Association and Board Member of the American Society for Apheresis, the External Quality Assurance in Thrombosis and Hemostasis, and Blood Network subgroup of Pediatric Acute Lung Injury and Sepsis Investigators groups; she disclosed that her spouse is an employee of Boston Scientific and owns stock in Endo International PLC. Dr. Barbaro’s institution received funding from the NHLBI (R01 HL153519 and K12 HL138039); he disclosed that he is ELSO Board of Directors and Pedi-ECMO Co-Chair. Dr. Emani received funding from Chiesi Pharma. Dr. Hyslop disclosed he is Co-Chair of ELSO Registry Database Development Committee and Coordinator Liaison to ELSO Steering Committee. Dr. Baumann Kreuziger received funding from the Health Resources and Services Administration Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Dr. Paden disclosed that he is past president and board member of ELSO. Dr. Ryerson received an honorarium from Instrumentation Laboratory for consultation work. Dr. Sloan commenced employment with CSL Behring after the consensus process was complete. Dr. Patregnani received funding from Mallinckrodt; he discloses consultation payments from MNK pharmaceuticals and Pfizer. The Executive Committee (Drs. Alexander, Muszynski, Bembea, Cheifetz, Steiner, and Barbaro) served as arbitrators for conflict-of-interest management. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1.**
Clinical guidance for the anticoagulation management of children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) from the Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE). Weak recommendations (WRs), consensus statement with weak agreement (CS-W), consensus statement with strong agreement (defined as > 95%), and good practice statements (GPSs) are presented. CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass, DTI = direct thrombin inhibitor, HIT = heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, UFH = unfractionated heparin.

**Figure 2.**
Clinical guidance for the transfusion, coagulation factor, and antifibrinolytic management of children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) from the Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE). Weak recommendations (WRs), consensus statements with weak agreement (CS-W), consensus statements with strong agreement (CS-S, defined as > 95%), and good practice statements (GPSs) are presented. CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass, INR = international normalized ratio, PCC = prothrombin complex concentrate, THA = topical hemostatic agents, UFH = unfractionated heparin, VWF = von Willebrand factor.

**Figure 3.**
General clinical guidance for the anticoagulation and transfusion management of children with bleeding or thrombotic complications on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) from the Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE). Weak recommendations (WRs), consensus statement with weak agreement (CS-W), consensus statement with strong agreement (CS-S, defined as > 95%), and good practice statements (GPSs) are presented. DIC = disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, GI = gastrointestinal, ICH = intracranial hemorrhage, INR = international normalized ratio, PCC = prothrombin complex concentrate.

**Figure 4.**
Organ-specific clinical guidance for the anticoagulation and transfusion management of children with bleeding or thrombotic complications on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) from the Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE). Weak recommendations (WRs), consensus statement with weak agreement (CS-W), consensus statement with strong agreement (CS-S, defined as > 95%), and good practice statements (GPSs) are presented. DIC = disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, ICH = intracranial hemorrhage, LA = left atrial, US = ultrasound, VA = venoarterial.

**Figure 5.**
Anticoagulation and transfusion algorithm example for children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) from the Pediatric ECMO Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE). *Clinically significant bleeding is defined as meeting any of the criteria listed for moderate or severe bleeding according to published definitions (4, 7, 8). aPTT = activated partial thromboplastin time, Hb = hemoglobin, INR = international normalized ratio, VA = venoarterial, VV = venovenous.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Barbaro RP, Paden ML, Guner YS, et al. ; ELSO member centers: Pediatric extracorporeal life support organization registry international report 2016. ASAIO J 2017; 63:456–463 - PMC - PubMed
1. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO): International Summary—ECLS Registry Report. 2023. Available at: https://www.elso.org/registry/internationalsummaryandreports/internation.... Accessed January 10, 2024
1. O’Halloran CP, Thiagarajan RR, Yarlagadda VV, et al. : Outcomes of infants supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using centrifugal versus roller pumps: An analysis from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019; 20:1177–1184 - PMC - PubMed
1. Dalton HJ, Reeder R, Garcia-Filion P, et al. ; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network: Factors associated with bleeding and thrombosis in children receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 196:762–771 - PMC - PubMed
1. Ozment CP, Scott BL, Bembea MM, et al. : Anticoagulation and transfusion management during neonatal and pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A survey of medical directors in the United States. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2021; 22:530–541 - PubMed

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Executive Summary: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE) Consensus Conference

Affiliations

Executive Summary: The Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Anticoagulation CollaborativE (PEACE) Consensus Conference

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

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Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical