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. 2024 Jun 6;10(11):e32557.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32557. eCollection 2024 Jun 15.

Flexural strength and degree of conversion of universal single shade resin-based composites

Ghada Alharbi  1   2 , Hend Na Al Nahedh  1 , Loulwa M Al-Saud  1 , Nourah Shono  1 , Ahmed Maawadh  1
Affiliations

Flexural strength and degree of conversion of universal single shade resin-based composites

Ghada Alharbi et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Background/purpose: Recently, a group of universal single-shade resin-based composites (RBCs) has been developed to simplify the process of shade selection. Excellent mechanical and physical properties are crucial for the ultimate success and clinical longevity of restorations. Therefore, evaluating the properties of the single-shaded RBCs is imperative. This study aimed to determine the flexural strength (FS) and degree of conversion (DC) of universal single-shade RBCs.

Materials and methods: In this study, four commercial RBCs were used; three universal single-shade RBCs; Omnichroma (OC), Charisma® Diamond ONE (CD), and Vittra APS Unique (VU), and a conventional nanohybrid composite Filtek™ Z250 XT (FT) which was used as a control. Sixty composite beams and 40 composite discs were used for FS and DC, respectively. A universal test machine with a three-point bending test was used to measure the FS, whereas the DC was measured using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Three fractured specimens from each resin composite group were qualitatively analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.

Results: ANOVA was used to compare the mean values of FS and DC among the four RBCs (OC, CD, VU, and FT). Highly significant differences were observed in the mean FS and DC values (F = 673.043, p < 0.001 and F (=782.4, p < 0.0001), respectively. The highest FS was observed in the CD group, followed by FT and VU groups; the lowest value was observed in the OC group. In addition, a statistically significant difference was identified in DC values. The highest DC value was observed in VU, followed by OC and CD, and the lowest DC value was observed in FT.

Conclusion: Universal single-shade RBCs demonstrated a good FS, except for OC, which exhibited a significantly low FS. The DC of the universal single-shade RBCs was higher than that of the conventional nanohybrid composite restorative material.

Keywords: Degree of conversion; FTIR spectrometer; Flexural strength; Three-point bending test; Universal single-shade RBCs; Universal test machine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Ghada Alharbi reports financial support was provided by Saudi National Institute of Health (Saudi NIH). If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the fractured surfaces. (a) SEM image of Omnichroma displays fracture origin (asterisk), radial marks (dotted arrows), and compression curl (solid white arrows). (b) SEM images at a high magnification demonstrate a slightly smooth fracture surface with multiple radial marks. (c) SEM image of Charisma® Diamond ONE displays fracture origin (asterisk), radial marks (dotted arrows), and compression curl (solid white arrows). (d) SEM images at high magnification exhibit a rough fracture surface with cracks and cleavage facets (solid black arrows).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the fractured surfaces. (a) SEM image of Vittra APS Unique displays fracture origin (asterisk), radial marks (dotted arrows), compression curl (solid white arrows), and crack line (solid black arrows). (b) SEM image at high magnification exhibits a rough fracture surface. (c) SEM image of Filtek™ Z250 XT demonstrates a void (asterisk), compression curl (solid white arrows), and crack line (solid black arrows) (X40). (d) SEM image at high magnification displays a slightly rough fracture surface with multiple radial marks.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Scatter plots of Spearman's correlations between flexural strength and degree of conversion for each tested resin composite material.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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