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. 2024 Jul 1;3(3):e222.
doi: 10.1002/pcn5.222. eCollection 2024 Sep.

Divergent thinking as a predictor of life skills in patients with schizophrenia: Evidence from the modified Tinkertoy Test

Yasuhisa Nakamura  1 , Reiko Miyamoto  2 , Akihiro Koreki  3 , Sachiko Anamizu  4   5 , Masaru Mimura  6
Affiliations

Divergent thinking as a predictor of life skills in patients with schizophrenia: Evidence from the modified Tinkertoy Test

Yasuhisa Nakamura et al. PCN Rep. .

Abstract

Aim: Patients with schizophrenia often exhibit poor life skills, posing significant clinical challenges. Life skills comprise cognitive functions crucial for planning daily activities, including divergent thinking. However, the cognitive deficits contributing to these diminished skills among patients with schizophrenia are underexplored. This study introduces a modified Tinkertoy Test (m-TTT) to investigate the correlation between life skills, divergent thinking, and psychological assessment tools in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: Fifty-two patients with schizophrenia, alongside a control group, matched for sex, age, and education, were evaluated using psychological assessment tools. For the patient group, the Life Skills Profile (LSP) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were administered to measure functional abilities and psychiatric symptoms, respectively. Additionally, duration of disease and antipsychotic daily dosage levels were assessed exclusively in the patient group. Both groups were evaluated with the m-TTT, Idea Fluency Test (IFT), Design Fluency Test (DFT), and Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) to comprehensively assess cognitive functions. A stepwise multiple regression model was conducted to identify significant correlates of LSP total score among the patient group.

Results: The schizophrenia group scored notably lower than the neurotypical controls on the m-TTT, IFT, DFT, and BACS. Our stepwise multiple regression analysis highlighted that the LSP total score was significantly correlated with the total m-TTT score and presence of negative symptoms.

Conclusion: Divergent thinking could be a crucial factor in the life skills of individuals with schizophrenia. Rehabilitation programs based on this cognitive function might enhance their daily living capabilities.

Keywords: cognition; neuropsychological tests; patients; regression analysis; schizophrenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The last author (Masaru Mimura) is an Editorial Board member of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports and a co‐author of this article. To minimize bias, they were excluded from all editorial decision‐making related to the acceptance of this article for publication. Masaru Mimura declares no conflict of interest directly related to this work. The first author (Yasuhisa Nakamura) declares no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Modified Tinkertoy Test (m‐TTT) procedure.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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