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. 2024 Mar;24(1):1-9.
doi: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.2.

Effects of SNPs on TNF-α and IL-10 cytokine expression in TB and HIV patients in the Capricorn district, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Mosebo A Manabile  1 , Tibello C Maguga-Phasha  1 , Marema E Makgatho  1
Affiliations

Effects of SNPs on TNF-α and IL-10 cytokine expression in TB and HIV patients in the Capricorn district, Limpopo Province, South Africa

Mosebo A Manabile et al. Afr Health Sci. 2024 Mar.

Abstract

Background: The impact of Tuberculosis (TB) places an immense burden on the health care system. Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a significant risk factor in the development and progression of TB disease. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Tumour Necrotic Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) may play a major role in the disease mechanism and understanding these mechanisms might prove to be a useful diagnostic tool in evaluating the immune regulation and progression of the disease.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between cytokine levels and gene variants of Interleukin-10 and Tumour Necrotic Factor Alpha in TB and HIV-infected participants.

Methods: Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA, and SNPs were determined by MassArray®.

Results: The levels of TNF-α were higher in the TB group than the HIV (p < 0.001) and TB-HIV (p = 0.011) groups, but similar to the TNF-α levels in the control group. In the HIV group, IL-10 levels were higher than those of the TB (p < 0.001) and control groups (p = 0.039), whereas there was no difference between the IL-10 levels in the HIV and the TB-HIV infection groups. The ratio was determined and there were no differences between the four infection groups. In this study, no associations were detected between the circulating plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-10 and their genotypes.

Conclusion: Our data showed that the gene variants were not associated with circulating plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in our study population. A pro-inflammatory environment was found in the TB and TB-HIV groups, which is suggesting of bacterial clearance, while an anti-inflammatory environment was found in the HIV group, which suggests the suppression of viral replication.

Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus; Tuberculosis; interleukin-10.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
TNF-α and IL-10 plasma levels in various infection groups (1a, 1b and 1c). Data are presented as box plots. The box represents the first through to the third quartiles; middle line is the median, and the lines outside represent the minimum and maximum values (outliers excluded)
Figure 1
Figure 1
TNF-α and IL-10 plasma levels in various infection groups (1a, 1b and 1c). Data are presented as box plots. The box represents the first through to the third quartiles; middle line is the median, and the lines outside represent the minimum and maximum values (outliers excluded)
Figure 2
Figure 2
The influence of TNF-α and IL-10 genotypes on their circulating plasma levels in different infection groups (2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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