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. 2024 Mar;24(1):59-68.
doi: 10.4314/ahs.v24i1.8.

A retrospective study of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iraq

Doaa Adnan Shaker  1 , Muna Tawfeeq Abd  2 , Nawar Jassim Alsalih  2 , Sinan Ghazi Mahdi  1   2   3 , Mohenned Alsaadawi  2 , Ihab Raqeeb Aakef  1   2   3 , Tareq Jafaar Aljandeel  3
Affiliations

A retrospective study of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iraq

Doaa Adnan Shaker et al. Afr Health Sci. 2024 Mar.

Abstract

Background: CCHF is transmitted via ticks biting and directly by contact with tissue or blood of infected patients or viremic animals. This study intends to determine the occurrence of CCHF in Iraq between 2015 and 2019.

Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study. It was approved the occurrence of CCHF in Iraq with relation to some epidemiological and demographic data reported in the Iraqi Communicable Diseases Control Center (CDC)/zoonotic diseases section between 2015-2019.

Results: Out of 206 suspected cases, only 17 were diagnosed as CCHF with a total fatality ratio of 52%, 25%, and 80% in 2015 and 2018 respectively. However, no mortality was reported during 2016, 2017, and 2019. The mean age of the patients was 33 years± 18 SD, in males mainly (76%). Moreover, the risk groups were 29 %, 23 %, 18 % 12 %, and 6 % for butchers, animal dealers, gainers, both housewives and students and children respectively.

Conclusion: Strict precautions and precise surveillance should be implemented to control the disease and protect the community by improving the diagnosis and treatment of CCHF. The authors recommend another future study to detect the genotyping and sequencing of CCHFV in Iraq.

Keywords: Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever; Iraq; tick.

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Conflict of interest statement

There is no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trend and monthly distribution of CCHF cases in Iraq from 2015-2019
Figure 2
Figure 2
Geographic distribution of CCHF in Iraq from 2015-2019
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cured and fatality of CCHF in Iraqi provinces from 2015-2019
Figure 4
Figure 4
Distribution of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever confirmed cases according to age groups. The infected cases appeared to be differently distributed according to age groups of infected individuals. The differences were analysis using Qi square, P≤0.05
Figure 5
Figure 5
Distribution of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever confirmed cases according to patients' occupation in Iraq 2015-2019. The infected cases appeared to be differently distributed according to occupation of infected individuals. The differences were analysis using Qi square, P≤0.05
Figure 6
Figure 6
Distribution of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever confirmed cases according to the gender. The infected cases appeared to be differently distributed according to gender of infected individuals. The differences were analysis using Qi square, P≤0.05
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