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. 2024 Jun 11:2024:7685878.
doi: 10.1155/2024/7685878. eCollection 2024.

Frequency of Fecal Carriage of ESBL Resistance Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Cancer Patients at Laquintinie Hospital, Douala, Littoral Region, Cameroon

Michael F Kengne  1 , Armelle T Mbaveng  1 , Ousenu Karimo  1 , Ballue S T Dadjo  1 , Ornella D Tsobeng  1 , Wiliane J T Marbou  1 , Victor Kuete  1
Affiliations

Frequency of Fecal Carriage of ESBL Resistance Genes in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Cancer Patients at Laquintinie Hospital, Douala, Littoral Region, Cameroon

Michael F Kengne et al. Int J Microbiol. .

Abstract

Background. Opportunistic infections are the second cause of death among cancer patients. This study aimed at determining the antimicrobial profile and the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-gene carriage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates among cancer patients at the Douala Laquintinie Hospital, Littoral Region of Cameroon. Between October 2021 and March 2023, 507 study participants were recruited among whom 307 (60.55%) were cancer patients, compared to 200 (39.45%) noncancer patients. Fifty-eight P. aeruginosa isolates were isolated from fecal samples of forty-five cancer patients and thirteen noncancer patients using Cetrimide agar. The antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes among P. aeruginosa isolates. P. aeruginosa showed significant resistance rates in cancer patients compared to noncancer patients to imipenem, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, and ciprofloxacin. The multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in cancer patients than in noncancer patients. The frequency of beta-lactamase genes in the 58 ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolates was determined as 72.41% for bla TEM, 37.93% for bla OXA, 74.14% for blaCTX-M, and 44.83% for bla SHV genes. The study revealed an alarmingly high prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa with a high rate of MDR among cancer patients. It indicates that regular monitoring and surveillance of ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa among cancer patients are needed to improve the management of patients.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated according to different age groups.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Frequency of appearance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa among cancer and noncancer patients.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of anticancer treatment on the resistance profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. IPM: imipenem, AMX: amoxicillin, AMC: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, CAZ: ceftazidime, FOX: cefoxitin, CTX: cefotaxime, CXM: cefuroxime, PRL: piperacillin, TET: tetracycline, CIP: ciprofloxacin, OFX: ofloxacin, NAL: nalidixic acid, COT: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, COL: colistin, NIT: nitrofurantoin, PPT: piperacillin-tazobactam, and TCC: ticarcillin-clavulanic acid.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Gel picture showing the amplification of the blaTEM gene fragment (445 bp). C−: negative control, C+: positive control, and M: molecular weight marker (100 bp ladder). The lines 1 to 4 and 6 to 8 and 9 are positive isolates containing the blaTEM.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Gel picture showing the amplification of the blaCTX‐M type gene fragment (593 bp). C−: negative control, C+: positive control, and M: molecular weight marker (100 bp ladder). The lines 1 to 14 are positive isolates containing the blaCTX‐M.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Gel picture showing the amplification of the blaSHV gene fragment (237 bp). C−: negative control, C+: positive control, and M: molecular weight marker (100 bp ladder). The lines 1 to 3, 5 and 7 to 9, and 11 are positive isolates containing the blaSHV.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of anticancer treatment on the ESBL genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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